Background: The exposure of cell lines to low-dose irradiaon leads to changes at molecular level, which may induce adapve response. We examined radio-adapve doses effect on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) and human fetal fibroblasts (MRC5) cell line followed by hyper and hypo fraconaon regimes, with main purpose to decrease cell viability in HT29, and at the sameme to spare MRC5 cells. Material and Methods: The cell lines were pre-irradiated with 0.03Gy, 0.05Gy and 0.07Gy. Two hours later, control and pre-irradiated cells were irradiated in hyper and hypo fraconaon regimes. Cell viability and the total c ell number were measured. Results: Comparing the response between two cell lines in the same regime, it was found that pre-irradiaon dose of 0.05Gy increased cell viability in MRC5 cell line, accompanied with decrease of cell viability in HT29 cell line, which gave a major contribuon to the main goal of the present research, i.e. to determine the dose that might spare the normalssue. Conclusion: To our best knowledge, fraconaon in several consecuve d ays in two designed regimes is described for the firstme. These are the first reported results using low-doses pre-irradiaon followed by hyper and hypo fraconaon regimes, with approximately same biological effecve dose.

The effect of ELF-EMF on DNA through changes in antioxidative enzyme activities has not been sufficiently explored yet. The aim of this study was to determine ELF-EMF effect on antioxidative enzymes in cancer cell line and genotoxic potential on normal human lymphocytes. K562 cells were exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF (40 μT, 100 μT; 3 h, 24 h) and spectrophotometric determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities was conducted. Genotoxicity of ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 100 μT) was investigated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in a normal human lymphocytes (exposure 24 h and 48 h). Results demonstrated that ELF-EMF did not alter the process of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity. Catalase activity was increased only after application of 100 μT EMF for 24 h. Glutathione-S-transferase and -reductase activities were increased. Treatment with 100 μT ELF-EMF (24 h, 48 h) significantly reduced micronuclei incidence, while cell proliferation was significantly increased. Results indicate that 50 Hz ELF-EMF (40 μT, 100 μT) are week stressors which alone cannot generate enough ROS to induce process of lipid peroxidation in cancer cell line but strong enough to induce response of antioxidative system. Furthermore, 100 μT ELF-EMF in human lymphocytes did not exhibit genotoxic potential during 24 h and 48 h treatment, but stimulated cell proliferation.

The cytotoxicity of the diterpene alcohol, phytol, was evaluated by using the MTT assay in vitro against seven tumour cells and one normal cell of human origin. The compound tested induced concentration-dependent cytotoxic response in all cell lines, demonstrating to be most and least effective against the breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and the prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells, respectively (IC50 8.79 ± 0.41 μM and 77.85 ± 1.93 μM). The IC50 values towards the other five tumours (HeLa, HT-29, A-549, Hs294T and MDA-MB-231) ranged from 15.51 to 69.67 μM. However, mild toxicity was detected against the foetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells at the concentrations used (IC50 124.84 ± 1.59 μM). According to the experimental data obtained, this cost-effective natural product widely present in the biosphere may inspire the development of new drug-like substances with improved cytotoxic activity on breast cancer.

Iron deficiency, causing maternal sideropenic anemia, is one of the most frequent nutritive disorder that develops during the pregnancy. We collected 30 placentas from anemic mothers and 30 placentas from mothers belonging to the control group. Terminal villi (magnification 10x) and terminal villi capillaries (magnification 40x) were stereologically analyzed and numerically determined.In the placentas from anemic mothers we noted the values a) terminal villi: volume density 0,43 mm0, surface density 24.13 mm-1, total volume 185.57 cm3 and total surface 10.27 m2; b) capillaries of terminal villi: volume density 0.53 mm0 and total volume 224.18 cm3. In the placentas from mothers belonging to the control group we observed the following values a) terminal villi: volume density 0.44 mm0, surface density 22.27 mm-1, total volume 200.17 cm3 and total surface 10.15 m2; b) capillaries of terminal villi: volume density 0.42 mm0 and total volume 197.00 cm3. Compared with the control group anemic mothers' placentas have a significant higher values of surface density of terminal villi (p<0.05), volume density (p <0.01) and absolute volume (p<0.0001) of terminal villi capillaries, and significant lower values of absolute volume of terminal villi (p<0.05).In anemic mothers' placentas, the total volume of terminal villi changes disproportionately to the total surface of terminal villi with statistically significant increase of terminal villi capillaries compared with control group. 

Title compounds (I) - (III) are prepared by multistep sequences starting from D-xylose or D-arabinose, respectively.

Aim of the study Aim of the study was to compare radiobiological effects of multiple vs. single low-dose pre-irradiation on the HT29 cell line. This regime is designed to be as similar as possible to fractionated tumour radiotherapy treatment, and to provide data on radiobiological effects on human tumour cells. Material and methods The cell line used in the study was HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma, American Type Culture Collection HTB-38™). Also, for comparison, the MRC5 cell line (human foetal lung fibroblasts, American Type Culture Collection CCL 171) was used. Four-day treatment in a 4 × 2 Gy regime was performed. Cell viability was evaluated by tetrazolium colorimetric MTT assay. Results Multiple low-dose pre-irradiation induced a stronger radioadaptive response compared to single low-dose application in the HT29 cell line. Multiple pre-irradiation with 0.03 Gy and 0.05 Gy caused radioadaptive effects, while in both single and multiple low-dose pre-irradiation regimes 0.07 Gy led to radiosensitivity. Radiobiological effects induced in the HT29 cell line by low-dose pre-irradiation were evidently weak during the treatment time, because a single low-dose applied only on the first day gave no radioadaptive effects. In the MRC5 cell line different effects were registered, since radioadaptive response has not been observed after multiple or single pre-irradiation. Conclusions The obtained data are interesting, especially for the possible application of low-dose pre-irradiation in radiotherapy.