Microbiological diagnosis of causes of pulmonic or other tuberculosis localization includes microscopic analysis of disease material cause which was taken earlier, his specific elaboration and inoculation at appropriate bases. Bases are incubated until 12 weeks. In the purpose of identification of M. tuberculosis complex or some other (conditionally) potentially pathogenous king of micobacterium, depending on immunity status of the investigated one, it is necessary to apply conventional as well as modern methods of molecular biology in laboratory work. First of all this means differentiation of M. tuberculosis complex from other bacterium (MOT), that is eventually differentiation inside complex. Beside classical tests it is possible to apply some methods of molecular biology in laboratory conditions, as well as nucleus sonds or method for reproduction of one part of nucleus acid which fragments, with a help of restrictive encimes, into several parts (PCR/PRA). With this method it is possible to do complete identification of isolated kinds of micobacterium according to the size of aplicon's fragments (part of reproduces DNA). An appropriate time, which is necessary for execution of these tests, is measured in hours and days, and for the classical tests in weeks and months.

The diagnosis of tuberculosis depends on many factors but essentially on the detection of mycobacteria, their identification to the species level, and their susceptibility to major antituberculous drugs. The classic tests (direct examination-Ziehl-Neelsen, conventional culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests) are combined with modern tests (the molecular tests such as genomic amplification /PCR/ direct from clinical samples). By Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) over a billion identical bacteria could be multiplied from a single DNA molecule. These modern tests shortened diagnostics duration from several weeks to one or two days. The sensitivity of PCR test was 97% for Z-N positive, 68% for Z-N negative samples while specificity was 99% either for Z-N positive or negative samples.

A rotavirus epidemic took place at the above mentioned department (8. V 1987 until 19. VI 1987). During that period, 36 newborn infants were treated for rotaviral symptoms and they all had their stools checked for rotaviruses or their antigen. Rotaviruses were found by 17 patients (47.2%). As a lab method we used immunoelectrophoresis. 20 patient of the overall number of 36 were boys and 16 were girls. Stool samples showed rotaviruses in 9 boys (45%) and 8 girls (50%). The age of patients was 3 to 34 days. After 1-14 days all children were well.

In this paper were presented results of isolation of vira from some organs of the dead newborn infants during the epidemy Coxsackie B virosis in Sarajevo in 1985. 12 newborn died. Obduction was done in seven newborn. From the seven obducated, in six were isolated Coxsackie B-3 vira from heart, lungs, brain, liquor, blood, heart blood but the attempts of isolation of the vira from intestine and from pericardial liquor did not succeed.