OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge and behavioural risks related to sexually transmitted infection (STIs) among high school students. METHODS The cross sectional study was conducted among students aged 15-18 years old from two high schools in the Sarajevo Canton in the period from October 2017 to March 2018. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used. The survey investigated their socio-demographic characteristics, sexual habits and level of knowledge about STIs. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25 and MS Excel 2016. RESULTS In total 278 high school students participated in the study, with a mean age of 17.79±1.026 years, of which 89 (32%) were male, and 189 (68%) were female. There was no significant difference in age in relation to sex distribution (P=0.074). Regarding the number of participants, 234 (84.2%) were from the dental school, while 44 (15.8%) were from a gimnazija (grammar high school). There was no significant difference in gender-based distribution by school (P=0.080). Students from the grammar high school had significantly better knowledge about the impact of STI on the foetus (P=0.025) and infected individuals (P=0.001), also about the impact of STI on sterility (P=0.005). CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the need for implementation of sexual education programs in the final grades of elementary school or in first grades of high school, aimed at improving knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and improving sexual and reproductive health.

More than 200 men were killed at the Korićani Cliffs on Mount Vlašić in central Bosnia during the Bosnian war. The location of this mass grave remained unknown for a long time following the war, until 2008, when the Missing Persons Institute discovered a site containing the remains of approximately 60 individuals. Later, in September 2017, a new mass grave was identified at this location that had not been robbed and skeletal remains remained close to the location where the victims had died. This grave was also unique, by definition, as it was a primary inhumation site, but with a high degree of commingling and disarticulation, typical of secondary inhumation locations. The exhumation team found the first remains in this grave approximately one and a half meters beneath the rocks, while the extent of the commingling resulted in necessary modifications to standardized exhumation protocols. The search and recovery process primarily focused on skulls, groups of bones that remained in clothing, and any bones that were still connected to each other. In total, 86 skulls, 137 groups of bones that had at least 2 bones connected, and a couple of hundred small bones that could not be appointed to individuals, were retrieved. The material was taken to the Šejkovaca Identification Centre where the team took over 1,300 DNA samples for analysis and are now awaiting the results.

The Tomašica grave-site near Prijedor in the north of Bosnia is reported to be the largest primary mass grave discovered thus far relating to the 1992-95 war. A total of 275 complete bodies and 125 body parts were exhumed from it in 2013. Post mortem examinations of the victims showed that nearly all had died from gunshot injuries but an additional striking feature was the degree of preservation of many of the bodies, even 21 years on, with skin, soft tissues and internal organs still present in abundance and gross structures clearly identifiable. Histology was performed on 68 samples of soft tissue from a total 13 bodies, on both skin and internal organs, and the degree of preservation was assessed in terms of the ability to recognize microscopic structure. Further comparison was made with samples taken a month or so later (56 tissue samples from 9 bodies, all but one different from the first group), after the bodies had been covered in salt as a means of general preservation. Generally, at a microscopic level, skin and subcutaneous tissues were better preserved than internal organs, while tissues sampled at the time of autopsy were better preserved than those sampled weeks later.

Introduction: Immunization is a lifelong preventive activity that helps prevent/reduce disease, prevent/ reduce mortality and prevent disability from specific infectious diseases. Material and Methods: Authors of this paper researched the WHO extended program of mandatory immunization of children from birth to the age of 18 years and analyzed how it has been implemented in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), because the guidelines of the specialist physician societies on immunization of adults, elderly people and risk groups of the population are missing. Results: The paper presents the basic characteristics of the immunization program in the FB&H and the world, points to the most frequent problems that the doctor practitioner has in carrying out immunization, and also presents possible modalities of improving immunization. It is pointed out the need to develop the national guidelines and individual immunization booklets, introduction of electronic registration of immunization, and continuous education of health professionals of all profiles, population, educators, teachers and harmonious partnership relations of health workers, population, social entities and the media with the aim of achieving an appropriate lifelong vaccination.

The most frequent disease of the arteries is atherosclerosis which is characterized by lumen reduction of blood vessels due to local thickening of internal blood vessels caused by plaque/atheroma. As a cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis is an interdisciplinary problem and one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. It begins in childhood, goes a long time without manifesting symptoms, increasing with age it begins to seriously threaten health. The most dangerous risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic disease are: Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high fibrinogen, excessive weight and physical inactivity.

and patterns that may contribute to a cardiovascular risk reduction. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 and included 473 students from health studies faculties in three cities: Sarajevo, Mostar, and Split. Independent variables in the study were diet type (Mediterranean vs. non-Mediterranean), physical activity, and smoking. Dependent variables included lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides), blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Results: Students from Split exhibited the highest consumption frequency of olive oil, fish, vegetables, and legumes consumption, which was statistically significant compared to students from Mostar and Sarajevo (χ² = 11.488, p = 0.022). A statistically significant difference was also found in the consumption of animal fats (butter, cream, margarine) across the cities (χ² = 19.860, p = 0.003). The average adherence score to the Mediterranean diet was highest among students from Split (3.80 points) and lowest among those from Sarajevo (2.77 points). Significant differences in cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed only among female students across the cities (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusion: A significant difference in cardiovascular risk factors was observed between students following the Mediterranean diet and those adhering to a non-Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet demonstrated a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk, as evident in the lipid profile. In contrast, non-Mediterranean diet, characterized by higher intakes of vegetable and animal fats, was associated with increased cardiovascular risk.