The Tomašica grave-site near Prijedor in the north of Bosnia is reported to be the largest primary mass grave discovered thus far relating to the 1992-95 war. A total of 275 complete bodies and 125 body parts were exhumed from it in 2013. Post mortem examinations of the victims showed that nearly all had died from gunshot injuries but an additional striking feature was the degree of preservation of many of the bodies, even 21 years on, with skin, soft tissues and internal organs still present in abundance and gross structures clearly identifiable. Histology was performed on 68 samples of soft tissue from a total 13 bodies, on both skin and internal organs, and the degree of preservation was assessed in terms of the ability to recognize microscopic structure. Further comparison was made with samples taken a month or so later (56 tissue samples from 9 bodies, all but one different from the first group), after the bodies had been covered in salt as a means of general preservation. Generally, at a microscopic level, skin and subcutaneous tissues were better preserved than internal organs, while tissues sampled at the time of autopsy were better preserved than those sampled weeks later.

Introduction: Immunization is a lifelong preventive activity that helps prevent/reduce disease, prevent/ reduce mortality and prevent disability from specific infectious diseases. Material and Methods: Authors of this paper researched the WHO extended program of mandatory immunization of children from birth to the age of 18 years and analyzed how it has been implemented in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), because the guidelines of the specialist physician societies on immunization of adults, elderly people and risk groups of the population are missing. Results: The paper presents the basic characteristics of the immunization program in the FB&H and the world, points to the most frequent problems that the doctor practitioner has in carrying out immunization, and also presents possible modalities of improving immunization. It is pointed out the need to develop the national guidelines and individual immunization booklets, introduction of electronic registration of immunization, and continuous education of health professionals of all profiles, population, educators, teachers and harmonious partnership relations of health workers, population, social entities and the media with the aim of achieving an appropriate lifelong vaccination.

The most frequent disease of the arteries is atherosclerosis which is characterized by lumen reduction of blood vessels due to local thickening of internal blood vessels caused by plaque/atheroma. As a cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis is an interdisciplinary problem and one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. It begins in childhood, goes a long time without manifesting symptoms, increasing with age it begins to seriously threaten health. The most dangerous risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic disease are: Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high fibrinogen, excessive weight and physical inactivity.

and patterns that may contribute to a cardiovascular risk reduction. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 and included 473 students from health studies faculties in three cities: Sarajevo, Mostar, and Split. Independent variables in the study were diet type (Mediterranean vs. non-Mediterranean), physical activity, and smoking. Dependent variables included lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides), blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Results: Students from Split exhibited the highest consumption frequency of olive oil, fish, vegetables, and legumes consumption, which was statistically significant compared to students from Mostar and Sarajevo (χ² = 11.488, p = 0.022). A statistically significant difference was also found in the consumption of animal fats (butter, cream, margarine) across the cities (χ² = 19.860, p = 0.003). The average adherence score to the Mediterranean diet was highest among students from Split (3.80 points) and lowest among those from Sarajevo (2.77 points). Significant differences in cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed only among female students across the cities (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusion: A significant difference in cardiovascular risk factors was observed between students following the Mediterranean diet and those adhering to a non-Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet demonstrated a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk, as evident in the lipid profile. In contrast, non-Mediterranean diet, characterized by higher intakes of vegetable and animal fats, was associated with increased cardiovascular risk.