Family Medicine as an independent medical discipline is relatively young in the countries of Southeast Europe. Still are used the old models of all forms of education in this module, although most countries accepted Bologna undergraduate teaching concept and already implement it with greater or lesser success. Measuring the effects of the qualities of these concepts and models is not done systematically nor in uniform manner, so it could not be compared by the unique variables measuring the quality of education curricula, and especially the quality of education level of the graduates at the first, second and third degree courses and other forms of education. This paper provides a comparative overview of the state of education in the area of family medicine in the region. It creates comparison according to the study duration for undergraduate and postgraduate studies, doctoral studies and specialized studies in specified areas. What stand out are the proposals to improve education in the field of family medicine in the region.

Introduction: Bosnia and Herzegovina has a high prevalence of smoking among women, especially among health care professionals. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of the social environment of women employed in health institutions in relation to the cigarettes smoking habits.Methods: The study included 477 women employed in hospitals, outpatient and public health institutions in Sarajevo Canton Bosnia and Herzegovina. We used a modifi ed questionnaire assessing smoking habits of medical staff in European hospitalsResults: The results showed that 50% of women are smokers, with the highest incidence among nurses (58.1%) and administrative staff (55.6%). The social environment is characterized by a high incidence of colleagues (60.1%) and friends who are smokers (54.0%) at the workplace and in the family (p<0.005). One third of women (27.8%), mainly non-smokers, states that the work environment supports employees smoking (p=0.003).Conclusion: Workplace and social environment support smoking as an acceptable cultural habit and is contributing to increasing rates of smoking among women.

Introduction Migration refers to the movement of persons or children from an origin place to a destination place across some pre-defined, political boundary. Since the 1995s after war, Bosnia and Herzegovina has continued being a country of mass children immigration from Sandjak, Kosovo, Serbia, Monte Negro and sporadic immigration from China. Methods The presence of tuberculosis disease in the Immigrants children or foreign-born child should prompt the pediatricians to collect appropriate specimens to recover an organism. We conducted a secondary data analysis focusing on immigrants children sampled in the 1995 through 2010 versions of the National Bosnian Children Health Records Survey. Results The increase in tuberculosis among Gypsy children in Sarajevo coincided with similar increases in immigration into Bosnia and Herzegovina. Medical records were available for review to assess adequately potential missed opportunities to prevent tuberculosis in children from Sandjak in only 1.5% of cases and Gypsies in 33% cases. Most children with drug-resistant tuberculosis were Gypsy (18.1%) or Chinese Asian (11.2%), and 16.4% of children or their parents were from a Bosnia and Herzegovina regions in which tuberculosis is highly endemic as Sarajevo Canton mountain area. Conclusions Pediatricians should be aware of the special health problems as tuberculosis for which immigrant children are at risk. Immigration poses unique stresses on children and families. There were no significance difference between incidence of tuberculosis and resistence on therapy between children from Sandjak and Bosnia but that differences were higher in case of Gypsies children.

Objective The aim of this paper is to describe the burnout among special education teaching staff and to determine its relationship with environmental factors of working ambient. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006. Questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 224 special education teaching staff employed at each of five Montenegro public institutions for persons who have a variety of disabilities. The response rate was 75% (n = 162). Data were collected using the Occupational Stress Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Questionnaire. Results: Most of the interviewed participants were satisfied with their jobs due to the opportunity to make a positive difference in the lives of students with special needs. A high level of emotional exhaustion was detected in 60%, a high level of depersonalization was found in 53%, and reduced level of personal accomplishment was found in 38% of special education teaching staff. Low level of satisfaction with owns health state was associated with emotional exhaustion (β=0.240, p-value 0.025) and depersonalization among all participants (β=0.218, p-value 0.041). Low level of job satisfaction predicted decrease of personal accomplishment among male participants, work being mentally strenuous and possibility to use knowledge and skills in work among female participants (n= 128). Conclusion The special education teaching staff member have very high level of risk for burnout. In view of the results obtained, to reduce professional burnout in special education teaching staff organizational environment should be improved and introduce to workplace health promotion intervention (a salutogenic approach) for employees.

The prevalence of tobacco consummation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is among highest levels in Europe: 49.3% of adult males and 35.1% of women are current smokers that are every other adult male and every third woman. In order to get a more complete picture of the prevalence of smoking among the health institutions employers and their compliance to the provisions of the law regarding the smoking ban in these institutions, the Institute of Public Health of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo has conducted a survey on this problem in the area of the Sarajevo Canton. 660 employers of seven health institutions have been surveyed, of which 158 (23.9%) from the Medical Centre of the Sarajevo Canton, 123 (18.6%) from the “Prim. Dr. Abdulah Nakas” General Hospital, 112 (17. 0%) from the Institute for Urgent Medical Help, 85 (12.9%) from the Institute for Public Health of the Sarajevo Canton, 72 (10.9%) from the Institute for the Health Care of Women and Motherhood, 57 (8.6%) from the pharmacies of Sarajevo, and 53 (8.0%) from the Institute for Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. The largest number of smokers is among medical technicians (55.4%), technical staff (56.7%), and administrative staff (51.4%). Approximately 34.0% of medical doctors and specialists and 25.0% of graduate pharmacists are current smokers. The results of the survey indicate the prevalence of smoking among health employers. Law regulations on allowable smoking in special smoking areas are mostly not observed and therefore the largest numbers of employers (approximately three-fourths of them) is exposed to tobacco smoke in their workplaces. A significant number of medical technicians do not identify themselves as models of behavior for their patients. Therefore it is necessary to conduct the education of medical staff on the need to change their own behavior in order to contribute to reducing the number of patients smoking by providing an example, thereby improving their own health status.

The experience in our surrounding throughout many years, based on Europeans and Worlds standards of health care service, gives the advantage to the Primary Health Care Service, with well educated family doctors and nurses who work in a community and give cheaper and quality health service. The paper presents a view of Family Medicine development in B&H during the last thirty years, and the most important projects realized in that period.