Background Volleyball is a fun sport for children that is easy to learn and can be played in a gym, at the beach, or on grass. Playing volleyball help improve child heart work, flexibility, balance and coordination. Some schools have volleyball teams for boys and girls. Heart rates can improve sports exercise and volleyball can make children stronger and healthier. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine accountability paediatrics systems operating in youth volleyball training sessions and to understand how those systems vary according to the instructional tasks and the nature of the information provided by paediatricians. Design, setting and participants The ECG recording was performed for 5 min at rest in seated, supine or supine with elevated legs body position on different days in girl and boy school volleyball players. Measurements were undertaken in a quiet room, air temperature ranging from 21 to 22°C, after and before volleyball games. The data was analyzed for 40 female and 40 male volleyball players ranging in age from 12 to 16 years, and other equal players and athletes in other sports of the same age and gender. Methods Systematic medical observation strategies were used to describe and analyse paediatric tasks for heart rates presentation and task volleyball players in schools during paediatrics examinations. Statistical analyses were performed using the Sigmastat Programme 3.0 for windows package during period 2005–2009 in school players teams in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Main outcome measurement Young female volleyball players are more vulnerable to sport injuries but similiar heart rates stabilizing works after volleyball games comparing than their boys counterparts. Results Heart rates after volleyball games and exercise were lower and better than other sports groups in both volleyball groups for girls and boys, too, without difference. Conclusions Further research needs to address issues of paediatricians' knowledge and conceptions related to volleyball instruction for heart works improvement. No differences were noted between heart rates after exercise in boys and girls volleyball school players, but better heart rates were observed in older age volleyball players when compared to other athletes such as tennis players and soccer or basketball players.

Background-aims: Childhood obesity is often the result of an interplay between many genetic and environmental factors. Obese children can develop serious health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease, often carrying these conditions into an obese adulthood. Obese children become targets of early and systematic discrimination. Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical charts of all children who were between the ages of three and twelve years and presented to the physicians with pediatrician-diagnosed obesity in calendar years 2008-2009. For laboratory and radiographic evaluations of childhood obesity, the degree of investigation depends on the BMI, physical and historical findings, and the presence of risk factors. Results: The prevalence of obesity in children has steadily risen during recent years in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our reports have reached epidemic levels, with approximately 14 percent of Bosnian children in these ages. The 2008-2009 Children Risk and Obesity Survey for Canton Sarajevo revealed that although 12.5 % of Bosnian girls were overweight or obese, 16.5% of Bosnian boys and 6% of Bosnian Gypsies were overweight or obese. There were not significant differencies between other Bosnians national groups Bosniacs, Croats and Serbian children. Conclusions: The incidence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically, including severe childhood obesity and obesity-related comorbid conditions. Treatment for children who are overweight or obese seems easy, that is, just counsel children and their families to eat less and to exercise more. Overweight children and adolescents are at risk for significant health problems both during their youth and as adults.

Background: AIDS is now a pandemic in children. Asymptomatic children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cannot be distinguished from children without infection. Opportunistic infections are common in children with AIDS. Aims: Describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among all children with opportunistic infections in Bosnia. Methods: The control group was composed of six boys and six girls for every year age class between one day and six years. Children were included from the study when they presented with a opportunistic infectious disease at the time of planned investigation assessment. Results: Children are underrepresented among recipients of antiretroviral therapy in almost every setting in Bosnia where treatment programs have been established. HIV-affected children and HIV-infected children had a significantly poorer socioeconomic living standard compared with control children. Ninety percent of the sample had been diagnosed with HIV before three years of age; the mean age of diagnosis for this sample was eleven months. Among the groups at highest risk for suprainfections of HIV infection were newborns from infected SIDA mothers. Conclusions: The prevention of opportunistics HIV infections in children and its consequent illness must be the primary component of any education program. Pediatricians and specialist for infectious diseases can play an important role in educating parents about opportunistic infection of HIV prevention, transmission, and testing, with an emphasis on risk reduction.