As technology is the driver of the economy, it is necessary to follow emerging technological trends and to create appropriate conditions for its adoption and implementation as a human-centred technology. In this regard, rules and standards for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) should be established to best use the benefits of technology and to prevent or minimize the consequences of technology misuse. The fifth industrial revolution (Industry 5.0) has already begun, although Industry 4.0 is still developing. Consequently, the original attention has shifted from IoT to AI, with the IoT debate now being a prerequisite for the AI debate. As AI is transforming our lives, a growing number of countries have considered or already adopted national AI strategies. However, in many developing countries, national AI strategies and initiatives for establishing AI and IoT regulation and legislation frameworks yet need to be discussed. The subject of this article is the research of existing initiatives related to establishing the IoT and AI regulatory and legislative framework in the EU and its applicability in developing countries.

Accessibility is a key for the social and economic development of persons with disabilities. In the digital age, digital or ICT accessibility is imperative, which includes identifying and eliminating obstacles and barriers that persons with disabilities face in using ICT.The purpose of this article is to give a short introduction to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, universal design principles, assistive technology, accessibility, and relevant EU directives and standards.Additionally, the Internet Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s activities in empowering blind persons through computer training will be presented. Acquiring ICT skills is a necessary condition for access to the opportunities offered by the Internet, which is in line with the Internet Society mission - Internet for All.

This paper examines the Internet of Things (IoT) as a critical area of interest to regulatory authorities. Although the IoT technologies are driven by market forces, without facilitation from the regulatory authority IoT rollout would be challenging. IoT is a major trend with enormous possibilities, potential advantages, and side effects. Since regulatory authorities have a key role in customer protection, fostering innovation and growth, the outdated or nonexistent regulatory framework for the IoT could be one of the barriers for the IoT long term growth and avoiding the side effects could be difficult to achieve.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a leading trend with numerous opportunities accompanied by advantages as well as disadvantages. Parallel with IoT development, significant privacy and personal data protection challenges are also growing. In this regard, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is often considered the world’s strongest set of data protection rules and has proven to be a catalyst for many countries around the world. The concepts and interaction of the data controller, the joint controllers, and the data processor play a key role in the implementation of the GDPR. Therefore, clarifying the blurred IoT actors’ relationships to determine corresponding responsibilities is necessary. Given the IoT transformation reflected in shifting computing power from cloud to the edge, in this research we have considered how these computing paradigms are affecting IoT actors. In this regard, we have introduced identification of IoT actors according to a new five-computing layer IoT model based on the cloud, fog, edge, mist, and dew computing. Our conclusion is that identifying IoT actors in the light of the corresponding IoT data manager roles could be useful in determining the responsibilities of IoT actors for their compliance with data protection and privacy rules.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a promising solution because of many advantages over the traditional network. Due to these advantages, SDN can be considered as a tool for energy efficiency in ICT (Information and Communication Technology) networks. In this paper, we have made a comparison between energy consumption in real IP/MPLS (Internet Protocol/Multi-Protocol Label Switching) network and designed SDN network. The results show that a significant reduction of energy consumption is achieved for a scenario with designed SDN solution.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is considered as a promising solution for optimizing network energy consumption. This paper analyzes possible energy savings that could be achieved by turning off underutilized network links. It presents the energy consumption of a real IP/MPLS network and issues that prevent IP/MPLS from being more energy efficient. The paper proposes the SDN as an approach with a global view of the network and easier link management. A small experiment shows how easy it is for SDN to monitor and shut down unneeded links. This could enable a significant energy saving when using an SDN solution.

Gender equality together with the empowerment of women and girls through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is one of the critical enablers of sustainable development. This article aims to give a comprehensive overview of the main international and EU (European Union) strategic documents focused on bridging the digital gender gap. Overview of activities toward digital gender equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been presented too.

While the climate challenges increase, there is a growing need to reduce Greenhouse gases emissions. The ICT sector has an important role in enabling significant reductions in those emissions and costs. In this paper we provide review of Green ICT definitions, potentials and examples. We provide review of relevant environmental policy measures and activities in European Union and Bosnia and Herzegovina too.

Every day, children around the world are exposed to many online dangers. In this paper we try to give an overview and comparison of current EU and BiH regulatory measures and self-regulatory activities regarding the protection of children against child pornography and other forms of sexual abuse and exploitation through information and communication technologies. Communications Regulatory Agency of BiH like regulators in EU does not have jurisdiction to regulate Internet content, but it has responsibility for protecting the interests of end users of telecommunications i.e. children as the most vulnerable groups of end users too. Additionally, Communications Regulatory Agency of BiH has been involved in drafting state level action plans in order to improve the system for combating child pornography and other forms of sexual exploitation and abuse through Information and Communication Technologies in BiH. In the view of recently adopted regulations and the latest action plan, it is expected significantly improving the level of protection of children on the Internet in BiH in the future.

Cloud Computing is at an early stage in Europe and the various players in the European markets can still influence how the legal framework will be designed. This paper present current initiatives of creating EU regulatory environment in order to support the development of Cloud services which can enable nations both to reap the benefits of Cloud services and mitigate some of the risks associated with them.

EU Initiative to Reduce the Cost of Rolling out High Speed Communication Infrastructure discusses different methods of reducing costs. In this paper, we present main aspects of centralized atlas of passive infrastructure as one of regulatory measures on reducing the cost of deploying Next Generation Access Network (NGA).

Rolling out a Next Generation Access network (NGA) involves tremendous investments and such it is of crucial importance to drive down the costs. This paper will present current situation regarding the European Commission work on exploring ways to achieve such cost savings.

Migration to Next Generation Network (NGN) implies many challenges to traditional regulation. We can consider these in terms of regulated access to Next Generation Access Networks (NGA). In this paper we present a short overview of passive access (duct access, sub-loop unbundling, fibre unbundling) and wholesale active line access, which are essential for enabling competition.