Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the most frequent early and late complications in different types of ileal urinary diversions. Patients and methods: The study was conducted in a five-year period, on 106 patients who were diagnosed with invasive urinary bladder cancer and who had indication for radical cystectomy with one of the investigated types of urine derivation. They were divided into 2 groups, based on the type of ileal urinary diversions. Results: The colonization of bacteria was more prominently present in the ileal conduit urinary diversion group (97%) compared to Ghoneim (25%) and Hautmann (10%) group, Ureteral stenosis was slightly less represented in the conduit group (9.1%). Wound infections were significantly more represented in the conduit (21.2%) than in the Ghoneim group (5%) Nighttime incontinence was present in 20% of patients in both groups or 4 patients in each group. Daytime incontinence in the Ghoneim group was present in 3 patients (15%) and in the Hautmann group 2 patients (10%). Late complications correlate significantly negative with the type of surgery and slightly negative with the grade, and significantly positively with the examined group and T stage, and slightly correlate positively to the N and R stages. Early complications correlate slightly negative with the type of surgery, slightly negative with the grade, and significantly positively with T stage, and slightly positively correlates with the N and R stage. Conclusion: The most commonly reported complications in ileal conduit are: prolonged ileus, stoma infection, wound dehiscence and bacterial colonization, followed by peristomal skin complications and complications related only to the stoma, such as stenosis and stoma retraction, and prolaps of ileostoma and ileointestinal stenosis. The ileus rate in orthotopic derivation was significantly lower than that of the ileal conduit group, which led to the conclusion that the neomybladder position does not disturb the anatomic abdominal structure.

Introduction: Accidental murmurs occur in anatomically and physiologically normal heart. Accidental (innocent) murmurs have their own clearly defined clinical characteristics (asymptomatic, they require minimal follow-up care). Aim: To point out the significance of auscultation of the heart in the differentiation of heart murmurs and show clinical characteristics of accidental heart murmurs. Material and methods: Article presents review of literature which deals with the issue of accidental heart murmurs in the pediatric cardiology. Results: In the group of accidental murmurs we include classic vibratory parasternal-precordial Stills murmur, pulmonary ejection murmur, the systolic murmur of pulmonary flow in neonates, venous hum, carotid bruit, Potaine murmur, benign cephalic murmur and mammary souffle. Conclusion: Accidental heart murmurs are revealed by auscultation in over 50% of children and youth, with a peak occurrence between 3-6 years or 8-12 years of life. Reducing the frequency of murmurs in the later period can be related to poor conduction of the murmur, although the disappearance of murmur in principle is not expected. It is the most common reason of cardiac treatment of the child, and is a common cause of unreasonable concern of parents.

Introduction: This paper presents mobile application implementing a decision support system for acid-base disorder diagnosis and treatment recommendation. Material and methods: The application was developed using the official integrated development environment for the Android platform (to maximize availability and minimize investments in specialized hardware) called Android Studio. Results: The application identifies disorder, based on the blood gas analysis, evaluates whether the disorder has been compensated, and based on additional input related to electrolyte imbalance, provides recommendations for treatment. Conclusion: The application is a tool in the hands of the user, which provides assistance during acid-base disorders treatment. The application will assist the physician in clinical practice and is focused on the treatment in intensive care.

Cough is one of the most common symptoms that doctor faces in working with pediatric population, and according to some characteristics of cough, doctors can often conclude localization, and sometimes even the nature of the disease that causes it. Cough is not only the physiological defense reaction, but a symptom of a disease. According to duration it can be acute, chronic and recidivist, recurrent and persistent, strong or discreet, caused by changes in body position and changes in outside temperature. Pathoanatomically it is divided into lobar, lobular, alveolar and interstitial, pathogenetically to bronchogenic and hematogenous, as well as in immuno competent and immunocompromised, and clinically on the local and inpatient (72 hours after hospital admission). Considering the contents, cough can be productive–with secretion from the respiratory tract, and unproductive-dry, without secretion. By auscultation bronchial breathing, rattle and crepitus can be heard. The primary diagnostics is radiological, posterior to anterior (P-A) and lateral footage of the chest. Laboratory findings in typical pneumonia, are characterized by leukocytosis, neutrophilia and shift of blood image to the left. Sedimentation is accelerated and C-reactive protein is elevated. The basic bacteriological diagnosis is sputum Gram’s stain and culture of sputum. In atypical pneumonia, leukocytes are usually in the normal range, and it is necessary to do serological tests (IgM and IgG antibodies). The role of doctors in primary health care is auscultation differentiation of murmurs with confirmation of doubt if there is pathological findings by laboratory tests and treatment, depending on the type of cough. Treatment is essentially pharmacological, with irrefutable importance of non-pharmacological measures.

Introduction: Thyroid gland diseases in children are in second place by frequency among all endocrine disorders. When interpreting the results of the thyroid function assessment it should be taken into account the significant differences in the concentrations of TSH, thyroid hormones, thyroid binding proteins and calcitonin among children of different ages. Goal: To present the age and sex structure of the patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism, evaluate diagnostic methods for making diagnosis, evaluation of etiology of hypothyroidism, with special review of the therapeutic modality. Patients and methods: The study have retrospective character and includes all patients who have the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but at the moment of data collection were aged 0-18 years. Results: Distribution of patients on the basis of gender, revealed more significant representation of female (65.93%), and without significant difference in the presence of the disease in relation to age (p>0.05). Physical examination of the struma was not verified in the majority of cases (74; 81.32%, p<0.05) suffering from hypothyroidism. Ultrasound review in 22 (50%) cases confirmed the struma. Ultrasound findings in most cases 14 (31.81%) demonstrated diffuse struma and Hashimoto thyroiditis together. In relation to the etiology of hypothyroidism most patients belong to a group where hypothyroidism is associated with other diseases and conditions (27; 29.67%), but the least with congenital hypothyroidism with 18 (19.78%) cases. The average dose of L-thyroxine in the age of 0-1 months was 50 mg, 1 month–10 years 37.5 mcg, and the group of patients over 10 years 65 mcg. Conclusion: Congenital hypothyroidism has about one-fifth of patients. Physical examination revealed in about one fifth of patients the struma of the thyroid gland; TSH levels is critical for the diagnosis and correction of therapy in pediatric patients with hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism is diagnosed on average at the age of 12 days, which is optimal for period for therapeutic response; Substitution treatment is carried out with L-thyroxine which is relatively reduced in doses from neonatal age onwards.

The First Mediterranean Seminar on Science Writing, Editing & Publishing (SWEP 2016) was held in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina from 2nd to 3rd December 2016. It was organized by Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, running concurrent sessions as part of its Annual Meeting titled “ “Days of AMNuBiH - Theory and Practice in Science Communication and Scientometrics”. Hotel Bosnia in the city centre was the chosen venue. On the first day, nineteen presentations on various issues of science writing and publication ethics were delivered by speakers from Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina and the UK (Asim Kurjak, Milivoj Boranić, Doncho Donev, Osman Sinanović, Miro Jakovljević, Enver Zerem, Dejan Milošević, Silva Dobrić, Srećko Gajović, Izet Mašić, Armen Yuri Gasparyan, Šekib Sokolović, Nermin Salkić, Selma Uzunović, Admir Kurtčehajić, Edin Begić and Floreta Kurti). Each presentation had a take-home message for novice and seasoned authors, encountering numerous problems in non-Anglophone research environment. Lecturers, who were internationally recognized editors of regional journals, generously shared their experience of adhering to the best ethical guidance. Elegant presentations by Srećko Gajović (Editor-in-Chief of the Croatian Medical Journal) and Armen Yuri Gasparyan (past Chief Editor of the European Science Editing) showcased their accomplishments that strengthened ties between authors from all over the world. Gasparyan reflected on educational resources of editorial associations, such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and called not just to declare the adherence to, but also to enforce their ethical guidance in daily practice. Editors of Medical Archives, Croatian Medica Journal, Vojnosanitetski Pregled, Psychiatria Danubina, Acta Informatica Medica, Materia Socio-Medica, The Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstretics and Gynecology, Acta Medica Saliniana and Medicinski Glasnik presented their editorial strategies aimed at attracting best authors and resolving problems with authorship, conflicts of interest, and plagiarism. Topical education on science writing and editing was considered as an inseparable part of continuing professional development in biomedicine. Armen Yuri Gasparyan (UK) was offered an opportunity to interact with more than 70 participants, attending the SWEP 2016 on the second day. The lecturer talked about author contributions, disclosures of conflicts of interests, plagiarism of ideas and words, research performance and impact indicators, and targeting ethical journals. Topics were presented in a way to help non-Anglophone authors, reviewers and editors avoid common ethical problems. Dr Gasparyan stressed the importance of regularly arranging such meetings across Balkan and Mediterranean countries to eradicate plagiarism and other forms research misconduct. The organizers of the SWEP 2016 awarded selected keynote speakers with certificates of lifetime achievement in journal editing, and decided to run the Seminar annually with support of Balkan and Mediterranean editors and publishers. The SWEP 2016 marked a turning point in the process of regional developments since all attending editors opted for nurturing enthusiasm of the organizers and launching the Mediterranean Association of Science Editors and Publishers (MASEP). The Seminar was a great success with its impressive scientific and social activities. It attracted more than 100 students, researchers, editors, and publishers from Bosnia & Herzegovina and neighbouring countries. Proceedings, in the form of short reports, were published in Acta Informatica Medica and archived in PubMed Central. New friendships were forged between regional experts in editing and young specialists during those unforgettable two days of intensive discussions and informal interactions (a-y).

Изет Машич1, 2,*, Един Бегич3, 4, Дончо M. Донев5, Сречко Гайович6, Армен Ю. Гаспарян7, Миро Яковлевич8, Деян Б. Милошевич9, 10, Осман Синанович2, 11, Шекиб Соколович12, Сельма Узунович13, Энвер Зерем14, 15 1Медицинский факультет, Университет Сараево, Сараево, Босния и Герцеговина 2Академия медицинских наук Боснии и Герцеговины, Сараево, Босния и Герцеговина; https://orcid.org/0000-00029080-5456 3Медицинский факультет, Школа науки и технологий Сараево, Сараево, Босния и Герцеговина 4Центр охраны здоровья, Маглай, Босния и Герцеговина; http://orcid. org/0000-0001-6842-262X 5Институт социальной медицины, медицинский факультет, Университет им. св. Кирилла и Мефодия в Скопье, Скопье, Республика Македония; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-443X 6Хорватский институт исследований мозга, Школа медицины при Загребском университете, Загреб, Хорватия; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-86685239 7 Отделение ревматологии и отдел исследований и развития, Дадли группа Благотворительного фонда Системы общественного здравоохранения (Образовательный фонд Университета Бирмингема, Великобритания), Расселовский Ходл Госпиталь, Дадли, Уэст-Мидлендс, Великобритания; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-6018 a.gasparyan@gmail.com 8Отделение психиатрии, Центральная университетская клиника Загреба, Загреб, Хорватия 9Факультет естественных наук, Университет Сараево, Сараево, Босния и Герцеговина 10Aкадемия наук и художеств Боснии и Герцеговины, Сараево, Босния и Герцеговина; http://orcid.org/0000-00015060-3318 11Отделение неврологии, Университетский клиническй центр Тузлы, медицинский факультет, Университет Тузлы, Тузла, Босния и Герцеговина; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-7284 12Институт болезней сердца, Университетский клинический центр Сараево, Сараево, Босния и Герцеговина; http://orcid.org/0000-00016321-4186 13Отделение лабораторной диагностики, Институт общественного здоровья и продовольственной безопасности, Зеница, Босния и Герцеговина; http:// www.orcid.org/0000-00031852-1572 14Отделение медицинских наук, Академия наук и художеств, Сараево, Босния и Герцеговина 15Отделение гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии, Университетский клинический центр Тузлы, Тузла, Босния и Герцеговина; http://orcid. org/0000-0001-6906-3630

Information technologies have found their application in virtually every branch of health care. In recent years they have demonstrated their potential in the development of online library, where scientists and researchers can share their latest findings. Academia.edu, ResearchGate, Mendeley, Kudos, with the support of platform GoogleScholar, have indeed increased the visibility of scientific work of one author, and enable a much greater availability of the scientific work to the broader audience. Online libraries have allowed free access to the scientific content to the countries that could not follow the economic costs of getting access to certain scientific bases. Especially great benefit occurred in countries in transition and developing countries. Online libraries have great potential in terms of expanding knowledge, but they also present a major problem for many publishers, because their rights can be violated, which are signed by the author when publishing the paper. In the future it will lead to a major conflict of the author, the editorial board and online database, about the right to scientific content This question certainly represents one of the most pressing issues of publishing, whose future in printed form is already in the past, and the future of the online editions will be a problem of large-scale.

Introduction: Anemia in preterm infants is the pathophysiological process with greater and more rapid decline in hemoglobin compared to the physiological anemia in infants. There is a need for transfusions and administration of human recombinant erythropoietin. Aim: To determine the frequency of anemia in premature infants at the Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, as well as parameter values in the blood count of premature infants and to explore a relationship between blood transfusions with the advent of intraventricular hemorrhage (determine treatment outcome in preterm infants). Patients and methods: Research is retrospective study and it included the period of six months in year 2014. Research included 100 patients, gestational age < 37 weeks (premature infants). Data were collected by examining the medical records of patients at the Pediatric Clinic, UCCS. Results: The first group of patients were premature infants of gestational age ≤ 32 weeks (62/100) and the second group were premature infants of gestational age 33-37 weeks (38/100). Among the patients, 5% were boys and 46% girls. There was significant difference in birth weight and APGAR score among the groups. In the first group, there were 27.42% of deaths, while in the second group, there were only 10.53% of deaths. There was a significant difference in the length of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the need for transfusion among the groups. 18 patients in the first group required a transfusion, while in the second group only 3 patients. Conclusions: Preterm infants of gestational age ≤ 32 weeks are likely candidates for blood transfusion during treatment. Preterm infants of gestational age ≤ 32 weeks have the risk of intracranial bleeding associated with the application of blood transfusion in the first week of life.