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This is the second volume of the official magazine of the European Federation for MedicalInformatics (EFMI) named as “EFMI Inside”, which was established as Newspaper in Lyon in August 2019, during “MEDINFO 2019” Conference and EFMI Council meeting. Idea for founding EFMI Inside was born by Catherine Chronaki, current President of EFMI and Izet Masic, Honorary Fellow of EFMI and Editor-in-Chief of the official journal of EFMI Acta Informatica Medica. EFMI Council members discussed and concluded to start with magazine in which we can record important and prompt facts and information about past of EFMI, with current and future activities of European Federation for Medical Informatics). After the first issue published in 2020 a lot of medical informaticians expressed their positive comments about usufull and informative magazine within medical informatics field worldwide. This publication became an important and useful resource of EFMI activities for everybody who wants to be familiar with Medical informatics development and achievements in all areas of this academic and scientific discipline in European countries, but also, worldwide. The second issue covered facts about 31st MIE 2021 Conference organized in Athens in May 2021, but also contains important facta about other EFMI activities and intreview with a pinoneer of Medica informatics, academician Gjuro Dezelic from Croatia, and finaly, obituaries of the three influential Medical informatics experts: Francis Roger France, Ragnar Nordberg and Peter Pharow. Some of chairs of Working Groups contributed with their reports in the past year who were actively involved in the development of Medical informatics in their countries, but also worldwide.

It is very well known that science is world activity and that there is no good and bad work in the field of scientific research. Nowadays scientific productivity of the individuals, learned societies on regional or state level are measurable parameters. In most of the systems it does include the number of original scientifi papers, quality of journals measured by impact factor and scientific citation index (1-4). There are also additional measurable parameters but for the purpose of this meeting we will avoid discussion about them. New field of scientometrics using the help of impartial and ruthless machines (computers) do help very significantly in evaluation of scientific productivity anywhere in the world. Unfortunately, there are many misused conclusions and interpretation on the data offered by computers. It is clear that some vital important changes are urgently needed. Today’s conference should use rare opportunity having together experts in the field to discuss the problems visible now. This author intends to discuss facts and doubts in writing review articles and chapters in the book (5). Some important flexibility in citation, in particular self citation, should be analyzed. An illustrative examples from author’s own experience will be shown and discussed at the meeting.

12th Days of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AMNuBiH) this year were organized together with the International Academy of Sciences and Arts in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo on December 4, 2021. The title of the symposium was “Scientometry, Citation, Plagiarism and Predatory in Scientific Publishing”. Experiences in the scientific area covered by title of this conference were presented by some of the most influential scientists from Bosnia and Herzegovina, who are included between 2% of authors in the Stanford scientometric list, which was published in October 2021 in the journal Biology Plos. Some of the authors are former or current Editors-in-Chiefs of indexed biomedical journals in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia (Izet Masic, Asim Kurjak, Doncho Donev, Osman Sinanovic). Also, Sylwia Ufnalska and Izet Masic are or were members of the European Association of Science Editors (EASE) and they have great experiences about the topic of this conference. Science that analyzes scientific papers and their citation in the scientific journals – called scientometrics – day by day has become important for measuring scientific validity and quality of all kinds of publications deposited in the most important on-line scientific databases, like WoS, Scopus, Medline, PubMed Central, Embase, Hinari, etc., but also in academic platforms ResearchGate and Academia.edu. Scientometrics use the Impact and Echo factor for measuring the quality of publications in WoS journals, Scopus uses the h-Index, and the most common one used in the last 10 years is Google Scholar index. All of them have advantages and disadvantages, and also positive and negative influences in the academic praxis. One of the greatest, and sadly too common, problems which participants in the academic process encountered are plagiarism and predatory publishing. In order to prevent this severest form of academic fraud, authors must give credit to someone whose work has helped him/her by citing references correctly. This presentations of the symposium "SWEP 2021") analyzed the major components of scientometrics, the basic mechanisms of citations in medical publications and plagiarism, as an opposition to the primary goal of scientific enterprise: search for truth.

Background: The peculiar reigning and private life of Maria Theresa in the tumultuous time of continuous wars in the then Europe was interwoven with her predominant maternal/obstetric history, as presented below. Objective: All the sixteen pregnancies of Empress Maria Theresa ended in spontaneous vaginal deliveries at term, with no information on pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion or preterm delivery. Methods: Medicohystorical review of the obstetrical anamnesis of Empress Maria Theresia. Results: There were fifteen live births, whereas one female baby was born without signs of life. Cephalic presentation was recorded in fourteen and breech presentation in two deliveries, one of the latter with lethal fetal outcome. Thirteen deliveries were free from complications, whereas three deliveries, i.e. second, tenth and sixteenth, were very difficult, associated with obstetric complications including one manual lysis of the placenta with postpartum bleeding and two difficult deliveries with breech presentation. Maria Theresa had all her deliveries accomplished with assistance of the Court midwife (Hofhebamme), whereas the Court physician performed manual lysis of the placenta. Following delivery, the Habsburg-Lorraine archduke or archduchess was baptized by papal nuncio, but two children were baptized by the midwife in life-threatening conditions Conclusion: Considering her policy of renewing her multiethnic empire and its population that suffered great losses at various battlefields, Maria Theresa was a true representative and record-holder in perinatal contribution among the then courts worldwide.

A few days ago authors of the papers deposited on the ResearchGate platform informed us by a letter from the ResearchGate team titled: "A note on recent content takedowns" where has been noticed that ResearchGate recently received demands from two publishers: Elsevier and the American Chemical Society (ACS) "to remove certain content that they alleged infringed their copyrights" (1). The main statement of the ResearchGate (RG) is: "These types of requests are not new: we have received many similar requests from them in the past, and, in accordance with applicable law, have complied with them. But these most recent requests were notable because of the number of articles involved. Although privately stored files were not affected, the demands by Elsevier and ACS resulted in the removal of around 200,000 public files. In the context of a community of over 20 million researchers, this is unfortunate, rather than existential, but it has sparked an acute reaction from many of our members who believe in the importance of open science" (1). Further RG explains: "Some of you have commented on the serious nature of our communications with you regarding the removal of content. We appreciate that the tone of our messaging was rather direct. International laws require that we implement a policy regarding repeat takedown requests from publishers, and we felt duty-bound to communicate these policies to you in no uncertain terms. This is done for the protection of users and the benefit of the ResearchGate community" (1). Concerning the future work (perspectives) RG stated: "Finally, we are mindful of recent changes in European copyright law in some countries, particularly relating to Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (2). While we believe we are not subject to such laws due to the nature of our business, we decided to nonetheless take advantage of advancements in technology which we believe will be beneficial for researchers. In particular, we have started implementing a new system called "Jarvis" which matches publisher rights information with user content at the time of upload. Where a publisher has provided the required information, Jarvis can prevent a researcher from unintentionally uploading content that is not allowed to be public. As always, it remains the responsibility of researchers to know and confirm their rights before uploading any content" (1). The final message of the RG team sent to its users’ is: "The future of academic publishing is open. Let’s work together to unlock its true potential" (1). According to this letter and content of the message from the RG team, as an experienced former and current Editor of a few indexed journals and prolific contributor and author of a lot of papers, especially in the Science Editing field and Scientometrics (3-9), let me expressed some views and comments regarding important facts and problems within Science Editing area and concerns of the scientific and academic community. Two extremely important problems in scientific publishing represent plagiarism and predation. More and more authors of articles in this scientific field, in the absence of other opportunities to engage in science, in this period of the Corona pandemic crisis imposed as a devastating consequence, began to deal with these topics, write about plagiarism and predation, conduct meta-analyze, and recommend what and how authors, especially who are not EDITORIAL

Background: Previous pandemic and catastrophic events significantly changed the life of every human being, bringing him/her into a state of stress and the need to quickly adapt to new ways of daily activity. COVID-19 has a negative impact on all elements of health: social, physical and mental. Pharmacotherapy, as well as protective measures (isolation, wearing masks and maintaining physical distance) did not give the expected results. Vaccination has not yet led to herd immunity, so it is still jeopardizing every aspect of human health (1, 2). Non-pharmacological methods, such as stress and sleep control, physical activity and contact with nature are of great importance since they can significantly contribute to staying healthy during a pandemic. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of non-pharmacological measures such as stress and sleep control (with different measures against the negative effects of anxiety and depression on mental state) and the possible positive impact of “forest bathing” on improving the immune response to the virus and its consequences. Methods: Available evidence-based studies on ways to com- bat stress and the effect of the proposed measures on human mental health and the im- mune system were analyzed. From the mentioned studies, recommended measures have been registered, which refer to stress and sleep control, diet and eating habits, contact with nature (“forest bathing”, gardening), virtual communication and meditation (mindfulness practice). Results and Discussion: The combined results of these studies indicate that COVID-19 has a chronic course and complications that significantly affect the physical, mental and emotional state of the patient. Proven positive effects of non-pharmacological measures can be applied in the daily practice of primary health care in the comprehensive fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological measures such as stress and sleep control, spending time in nature, healthy diet, and physical activity may improve the immune response to COVID-19. These measures, with their positive effects on all aspects of health, can make a major contribution to controlling and improving the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Although scientometry gradually became prevalent way of measuring one’s research output, there are many inherent drawbacks in main indices that are used: impact factor, number of citations, number of published papers and Hirsch’s index. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze effects of inflated co-authorship on values of scientometric indices among authors in biomedicine who participated in published papers with more than 30 co-authors. Methods: The study was of cross-sectional type, based on 100 publications randomly extracted from the MEDLINE database. The inclusion criterion was publication with more than 30 authors. The studies with topics not related to humans were excluded from further analysis. Results: On average about 10% of papers published by the surveyed authors had more than 30 co-authors, but these papers brought more than 40% of all citations and more than 40% of Hirsch’s index attributed to these authors. The duration of scientific activity was well correlated to number of citations, Hirsch’s index and the number of publications themselves with 30 or less co-authors, while the correlation did not exist with number of citations, Hirsch’s index and the number of publications with more than 30 authors. In summary, publications with > 30 authors carry more scientometric points than publications with less co-authors, and the researchers with shorter scientific activity had larger scientometric benefit from publications with more than 30 authors than senior researchers. Conclusion: Unjustified and prolific co-authorship is one of methods for inflation of scientometric indices that are not further reflecting true quality of research output of an individual. Further improvement of scientometric indicators may prevent unjustified co-authorship if it reflects the work invested in a research result.

COVID-19 pandemic asks the engagement of all experts in different medical fields to help in solving consequences such an overwhelming success that we follow it with COVID-19 Management, including Medical Informatics experts.

Background: Mobile pharmacies are special organizational units or infrastructures that serve to supply medicines to remote communities or are stationed on ships or as such exist during war conflicts on the battlefields to provide first aid to the wounded and to provide the necessary medicines. The establishment of mobile pharmacies is regulated by the law of each state and only preparations approved by law can be found in it. There are also regulations for the good storage and warehousing of these drugs. Objective: The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the available literature on the topic “Mobile pharmacies through history”, which shows the development and progress in the structure and function of mobile pharmacies throughout history. Methods: This is an descriptive study based on the searched available literature from the on-line databases regarding to present a historical overview of mobile pharmacies during the most significant war events in Europe and the USA. Results and Discussion: Mobile pharmacies were first mentioned in Egypt and the Roman Empire, but it was not until 1500 that military and ship’s doctors began using them, and wealthy nobles had their own boxes of medicines, which they carried on long voyages. Mobile pharmacies became more and more popular, so in the 18th century, practical manuals on the use of the contents of the box began to be published. The importance of a mobile pharmacy was shown in the wars, where people, before their appearance, died due to the impossibility of providing first aid on the battlefield. The advanced medicine and pharmacy that developed on land, greatly affected the health care at the sea. The constant incidence of infectious diseases, poverty and inadequate nutrition, insecurity of navigation and long voyages are the main reasons why sailors often fell ill and were exposed to injuries at work. A situation like that required that the problem of health protection on ships gets solved in accordance with the then principles of medicine and pharmacy. Conclusion: Authors demonstrated the importance of mobile pharmacies in treating and providing medical protection on boat trips. Regarding the ship’s pharmacies, pharmacists have the role of supplying ships with medicines, conducting training for captains and ship staff, advising shipping companies and captains on equipping ship pharmacies and advising on the preparation of national regulations and national ship pharmacy supply policy.

Medical informatics, as much as it is a result of evolution as planned philosophy, have its roots in the history of information technology and medicine. Development of medical informatics started in the fifties of the 20th century. In the period after Second World War USA was the leading country in the field of Computer science and the leader in using the first computers in medicine and healthcare services. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) during the last two decades of 20th century was particularly important for development of medical informatics, with great influence of Internet by medical professionals at every level of health care system. Comprehensive and essential contents on medical informatics, but also the aspects nurtured by the main „schools of Medical informatics“ - Anglo-Saxon (Abbot, Anderson, etc.), French (Gremy, Remond, etc.), German (Reichhertz). et al.), American (Collen, Green, et al.), Middle and East Europe (Dezelic, Masic, Zvarova, Naszlady, Mihalas, etc.), whose terms „Health Informatics“ (Abbot) and „Medical Informatics“ (Gremy and Reichertz) have entered the European and world medical literature. For those studying the subject or working in the field, the experiences of others who use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for the better of health care can provide a necessary perspective. In promotion and spreading the knowledge and experiences of the medical informatics as scientific and academic discipline in the world, great impact was given by IMIA and its „branch associations“ at every continent. But, most influential association became European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI), established on September 11th 1976 in Copenhagen with members of 10 national representatives (Barry Barber (UK), Antonio Perens de Talens (Italy), Francois Grémy (France), Rolf Hansen (Norway), Mogens Jorgensen (Denmark), Hans Peterson (Sweden), Peter Leo Reichertz (Germany), Jan Roukens (Netherlands), Jan van Egmond (Belgium) and Ilkka Vaananen (Finland) who adopted Statute of EFMI and other documents and prepared the first MIE Conference in Cambridge (UK) in 1978. Today EFMI represent leading European medical informatics professional organization representing 28 European countries and institutional members. EFMI is organized as a non-profit organization concerned with the theory and practice of Information Science and Technology within the Health and Health Sciences sector, in a European context. The goals set of EFMI are: a) To advance international co-operation and dissemination of information in Medical Informatics on a European basis; b) To promote high standards in the application of medical informatics; c) To promote research and development in medical informatics; d) To encourage high standards in education in medical informatics; and e) To function as the autonomous European Regional Council of IMIA. Author of this article described the facts about important events which EFMI, with contribution of national societies, members of EFMI, organized during 45 years of existence, including important facts about the influential medical informatics experts. Finally, author shortly described important facts about history of development of Health informatics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and South-Eastern Europe, including facts about his activities during long period of his participation in IMIA General Assembly and EFMI Council. There he was very actively involved in a lot of activities, including organization of 22nd MIE Conference in Sarajevo in 2009.

Hans Peterson, MD, PhD, FEFMI, FACMI, FIMIA, FIAHSI (1928-2021), became a certified physician in Sweden in 1958 and was awarded a doctorate in Medicine in 1967 (1-4). He was an ophthalmology fellow at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm University, and was appointed to faculty positions in Ophthalmology and Medical Informatics at the Karolinska in the late 1970’s.