Magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance angiography is a non-invasive diagnostic method that is a feasible and reduces the possibility of risk catheterization angiography (IADSA). The patient is not exposed to radiation and iodine intravenous contrast media, which is especially dangerous in patients with renal failure and allergies to iodine.. In the period since 1998 until 2006 there were 102 patients with cerebral aneurysms were diagnosed, 60 (58.8%) female and 42 (41.2%) males, age from 12 to 76 years, average age was 49.41 years The largest number of patients, 83 patients (81.4%) with the diagnosis of aneurysms, had non traumatic intracranial bleeding either subarchnoidal bleeding or intracerebral hematoma. Sixteen patients (15.6%) had occasional headaches, 2 patients had brain tumors, and their aneurysms were diagnosed accidentally. All patients were reviewed at the CT scan, and then they made magnetic resonance with magnetic angiography. There were no aneurysms smaller than 3 mm. the size of 14 aneurysms was 3-5mm, 12 is a differentiated using MIP reconstruction and only 6 using 3D TOF tomograms, while the common processing of MIP and 3D TOF we differentiated 13 aneurysms, and one aneurysm of MCA that is 3mm of size. For evaluation of the presence of aneurysms and its localizations is of great importance evaluation of 3D TOF tomograms that together with MIP reconstruction gives a sensitivity of 99%. MR angiography demonstrated as inadequate for characterization of aneurysms’ morphology in comparison to DSA, and according to an MR angiography cannot be used in planning of the aneurysms embolisation treatment. In monitoring of patients after the endovascular treatment of aneurysms MRI with MR angiography is shown to be a method of choice.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is described neurological condition identifiable by clinical and radiological presentation. It occurs due to elevated blood pressure which exceeds auto-regulatory capacity of brain vasculature. PRES is characterized by headache, confusion, seizures, and altered mental function. In this report we describe a case of eleven-year-old boy who was hospitalized, because of nausea, vomiting, intermittent fever, headache, confusion and distress. Because of suspicion of encephalitis CT and MRI examinations were performed immediately where was established diagnose of PRES syndrome.

Central nervous system (CNS) malformations represent important factor of morbidity and mortality in children. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, type and clinical features of CNS malformations in children who were admitted at the Neonatal and Child Neurology Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of Paediatric Clinic, University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre, from January 1st, 2002 to December 31st, 2006. There were total of 16520 admissions at the Paediatric Clinic over the studied period. CNS malformations, solitary or multiple, have been diagnosed in 100 patients (0,61%). The total number of various CNS malformations was 127. Lethal outcome was established in 9/100 cases (9%). The most frequent CNS malformations were neural tube defects 49/127 (38,6%). Hydrocephalus was seen in 34/127 (26,8%), microcephaly in 24/127 (18,9%), agenesis of corpus callosum in 10/127 (7,9%), Dandy Walker malformation in 6/127 (4,7%) and other CNS malformations in 4/127 (3,1%). In 20/100 of patients neural tube defect was associated with hydrocephalus (20%). CNS malformations were prenatally diagnosed in 13/100 of patients (13%). Primary prevention of CNS malformations can be improved in our country by better implementation of preconceptional folic acid therapy for all women of childbearing age. Secondary prevention by prenatal diagnosis requires advanced technical equipment and adequate education of physicians in the field of foetal ultrasonography. In our circumstances, prenatal diagnostics of CNS malformations is still not developed enough.

UNLABELLED The aim of this study is to access magnetic resonance as the imaging modality of choice in differentiation of cerebellopontine angle tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS In period of five years in 53 patients were diagnosed CPA tumors. 31 were women, 22 men, range age 14 to 72 years. All patients were examined on 1.0 Tesla magnetic resonance unit, using T1, PD, T2 WI sequences, and after paramagnetic contrast administration T1 W1 in three ortogonal planes. REZULTS: In 44 (83%) patients were diagnosed acoustic schwannoma (NVIII), and 8 patients of these had Neurifibromatosis Type 2. In 2 (4%) patients were diagnosed trigeminal schwannoma (NV), in 2 (4%) hypogossal schwannoma. By 5 (9%) patients were diagnosed meningiomas. All diagnoses were by histology confirm. CONCLUSION Thanks to its multiplanar and multi-parameters capabilities Magnetic resonance allowed precise location and characterization of CPA tumors. MR is the imaging modality of choice for preoperative work-up of cerebellopontine angle tumors.

BACKGROUND Vertiginous syndrome appears in more then 100 diseases, therefore subject of intensive investigation. Insufficient research has been done on vertiginous syndrome in patients on chronic program of haemodialisis. The aim of this study is to search anatomical and structural changes on blood vessels of the brain by neuroimaging techniques, as well as increased circulatory resistance on TCD, in patients on chronic program of haemodialysis. METHODS The research has been done on 30 patients with vertiginous syndrome, 22 males and 8 females, average age 45.9 years, average duration of haemodialysis 5.83 +/- 4.5. In all patients relevant diagnostic procedures had been done (EEG, TCD, audio vestibulogram, X-ray of cervical spine), and in 14 patients with increased circulatory resistance TCD we have done MRI and MRA of the brain. Pathological EEG has been found in 10%, 40% of the patients have had normal EEG finding, while 50% had slowing (non-specific disfunction) in EEG record. RESULTS MRI and MRA had been done in 14 patients of average age 51.21 +/- 10.82. In 13 patients we had a pathological finding of MRI and MRA, while in one patient only we had normal finding of MRA, and another one patient with normal MRI scan. In 64.2% of the sample we have had cortical cerebral atrophy, in 57.1% cortical atrophy of cerebellum, while in 35.8% apart from the mentioned changes atrophy of cerebellar vermis had been found. In 71.4% of all patients cerebrovascular disease (stroke) could be identified. Atherosclerosis changes in blood vessels of anterior or posterior circulatory segment were found in 78.5% of the patients, while spasm of arteries had been registered in 21.4% of the sample. CONCLUSION MRI and MRA of the brain brought light on aethiological aspect of vertigo in these patients. Results of our research indicate vascular aethiology of vertiginous syndrome in patients on chronic program of haemodialysis.

Authors in this paper present two cases of Van der Heave syndrome, congenital disease of connective tissues and myopia with astigmatismus. There are usually other problems, affecting different systems. We tried treatment with soft torus contact lenses, with improved visual acuity at the follow up.

UNLABELLED The aim of this study is to demonstrate the accuracy of MRI and MR angiography, using 3D and 2D TOF sequences to diagnose vascular malformation in children with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage). PATIENTS AND METHODS In two years period 7 children, 4 boys and 3 girls range age 8 to 14 years with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage were examined on 1.0 TMR unit, using T1,PD,T2 WI and 3D and 2D TOF MR angiography with MIP reconstruction. RESULTS In the group of 7 children, 2 were with aneurysms, 2 with AV malformation, and 1 with cavernous angioma. The results of these were correlated with those of IA DSA. The results were in agreement regarding the presence, location and size of aneurysms, the presence, vasculation and drenage of AV malformation. CONCLUSION MRI with MR angiography is rapid and non-invasive examination which can confirm the diagnosis of vascular anomalies in children and to follow them up.