Background: The creation of corneal flap is considered to be the most critical part of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Currently, flaps can be created with mechanical micorkeratomes or femtosecond lasers. Objective: To analyze and compare flap characteristics created with two different methods for flap creation in Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: This was a retrospective study. The thickness and morphology of the flap were compared between the two mechanical microkeratomes (group I – Moria M2, group II – Moria SBK One Use Plus) and femtosecond laser (group III – Ziemer Femto LDV). Central flap thickness was measured intraoperatively, while the flap profile was measured with anterior optical coherence tomography at two axes (90° and 180°) and 5 measuring points on the first day, the first week, and one month after the surgery. Results: Central flap thickness was 110.91±15.79 micrometers (µm) (80-164 µm) in group I, 98.08±13.33 µm (65-136 µm) in group II and 103.52±13.89 µm (66-138 µm) in group III. Anterior optical coherence tomography revealed a meniscus-shaped flap in all three groups at both axes (90° and 180°). The least variability in flap thickness was observed in group III (±6 µm). Conclusion: All three methods of flap creation provide good shape and thickness reproducibility. Ziemer Femto LDV femtosecond laser had the least variable flap thickness in a single flap. Mechanical microkeratomes had slightly lower performance.

AIM To evaluate efficacy and safety of iris-supported phakic lenses (Verisyse) for treating moderately high myopia. METHODS This prospective clinical study included 40 eyes from 29 patients, who underwent implantation of Verisyse for correction of myopia from -6.00 to -14.50 diopters (D) in the Eye Clinic ''Svjetlost'', Sarajevo, from January 2011 to January 2014. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest residual spherical equivalent(MRSE), postoperative astigmatism, intraocular pressure(IOP), endothelial cell (EC) density were evaluated at one, three, six and twelve months. Corrected visual acuity (CDVA), index of safety and efficacy were evaluated after 12 months. RESULTS Out of 29 patients 15 were males and 14 females, with mean age of 27.9 ± 5.0. After 12 months 77.5% eyes had UDVA ≥ 0.5 and 32.5% had UDVA ≥ 0.8. Mean MRSE was 0.55D ±0.57D and mean postoperative astigmatism -0.86D ± 0.47D. Efficacy index was 1.09 ± 0.19 and safety index 1.18 ± 0.21. One eye(2.5%) lost two Snellen lines and three eyes (7.5%) one line, 11 eyes (27.5%) gained one line, and five eyes (15.5%) gained two lines. EC loss after 12 months was 7.59 ± 3.05%. There was no significant change of IOP after one year follow up. CONCLUSION Implantation of iris-supported phakic lenses (Verisyse) for treating moderately high myopia is an efficient and safe procedure.

The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between risk factors and diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries for patients aged 20 to 65. We compared risk factors between patients without retinopathy, with non-proliferate and with proliferate retinopathy (p<0.05). Duration of diabetes is most important for the development of retinopathy. Hyperglycaemia and high blood pressure are important for progression. Better control of blood sugar and elevated blood pressure can reduce progression of retinopathy and risk of vision loss.

Laser photocoagulation is a type of laser surgery that uses an intense beam of light to burn small areas of the retina and abnormal blood vessele beneath the macula. The burns form scar tissue that seala the blood vessels, keeping them from leaking under the macula. By sealing the leaky blood vessels, laser photocoagulation slows down, The buildup of fluid under the retina that distors the shape and position of the macula. The growth of scar tissue and the abnormal membrane under the retina, both of which damage the cells in the macula. But, also there is some of riskk of using a laser.. laser photocoagulation burns and destroys part of the retina and often resuls in some permanent vision loss. This is usually unavoidable. In this paper we show a case report of patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We perfomed a panretinal Argon laser photocoagulation. After the laser treatment and regulation a level of glucosis in blood, our patient a good visual acuity and he will not need vitreoretinal surgery.

Organized health services in Bosnia and Herzegovina started with the foundation of several vakuf hospitals (in Sarajevo, Tuzla, Banja Luka, Mostar and Travnik) financed by the fund of the Gazi Husrev-beg vakuf. In these hospitals services was provided by the qualified health professionals, mainly educated at the schools of medicine in Turkey, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland and other countries. Majority of them worked as civil and military physicians in the above mentioned vakuf hospitals, but also in the Turkey army hospitals situated in the all larger settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the period when B&H was managed by the Turkey and Austro-Hungarian empire there was no specialized ophthalmology services. During the Austro-Hungarian management there was a Surgical-oculist department within the Land Hospital in Sarajevo, which treated 4.47% of patients with eye diseases, among total number of in-patients, and according to the health service at the end of year 1900, during that year there there was 3238 general surgeries and 633 ophthalmology surgeries performed. In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, beside establishment of the independent Eye department within the General State hospital in Sarajevo, in1923, also started development of the ophthalmology service within Surgical Department in Mostar, which was lead in 1929 by the ophthalmologist, and which grew in 1931 into independent Eye Department, as the second of that type in B&H. Specialized ophthalmology service in Banja Luka started to develop within the Surgery Department in 1931, and independent Eye Department was founded in 1945. Medical Faculty in Sarajevo was founded on 16th November 1946. Also on founded on the same day is the Eye Clinic, and appointed as its first director was Professor Vladimir Cavka MD., one of the first full time professors of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo, founder of the Peoples society of B&H (Academy of Sciences and Arts of B&H) and the magazine, Medicinski arhiv" (Medical Archives). Founded afterwards was the medical faculties in Tuzla (1976), Banja Luka (1978), Foca (1994) and Mostar (1997) as well as Eye clinic with the departments for ophthalmology. At the time when the Medical Faculty and Eye Clinic in Sarajevo was formed there was three other eye departments in B&H: Mostar, Banja Luka, and Army hospital in Sarajevo, while the other regions and larger cities during the early post war period, did not have ophthalmology services. Prominent development of eye department at the general hospitals within regional medical centers, and later in few larger municipalities in B&H started at the eighties of the last century. Large and important role in promotion of ophthalmology in B&H have Association of ophthalmologist of B&H, which organized series of scientific and professional meetings, and medical ophthalmology journal "Yugoslav ophthalmology archives" which, while it was continuously published, published more than 1000 scientific and professional papers from field of ophthalmology, by authors from all republics of former Yugoslavia.

Symphatetic uveitis was a fairly common and described disease in 19th century. Many cases of bilateral blindncss associated with injury and inflammation were diagnosed as sympathetic ophthalmia. A penetrating wound appears to be essential for the development of symphathetic ophthalmia. Since the antigen-presenting cell, of the eye appear to be functionally suppressed in situ, these antigens normaly would produce an inactivation signal. Authors present a case of 7 years old boy, who had injury of the right eye in the school. We performed surgery, but that right eye after several months went to subatrophy. Three months later, he come again with problems in left eye. We diagnosed symphatetic ophthalmia and included high doses of steroids. Two years after he is still on high dose of steroids due to two times of egxazcrbation. A month ago we perfomed phacoecmulsofication cataract syrgery, because a cataract developed due to high doses of steroid therapy.

Authors in this paper present two cases of Van der Heave syndrome, congenital disease of connective tissues and myopia with astigmatismus. There are usually other problems, affecting different systems. We tried treatment with soft torus contact lenses, with improved visual acuity at the follow up.

: Lack of optimum conditions for PCR can lead to absence of desired PCR products, undefined multiplication and appearance of unwanted products. So, the use of PCR aiming to generate large amounts of target nucleic acid sequences, may be so called "double-edged sword". The important parameters in optimisation of PCR methodology are annealing temperatures, Mg++ concentration and different dilutions of target sequences. In our optimization experiments of HIV-RT-PCR (GAG) method we used HIV positive plasma specimens for extraction of RNA and production of cDNA by reverse transcriptase. Different cDNA dilution (10(-1)-10(-10)) and MgCl2 molarity (1.25 mM; 1.5 mM; 5.0 mM) we used for first round (GAG1 and GAG4 outer primers) and second round PCR (GAG2 and GAG3 inner primers). Optimal results after 3% NuSieve agarose gel electrophoresis and detection of 413 pb PCR products were obtained with 1.25 mM MgCl2 and cDNA dilution 10(-1) and 10(-2). So the main aim of PCR optimisation is the achievement of optimal primer template binding and primer extension.

The authors present one-year experience of the multimedia role in ophthalmology with particularly review on example in vitreoretinal surgery. It has been shown goal of the project, methodology, evaluation of one-year work results and possibility of project's expansion.