In this paper there are firstly some general observations about stress (the concept of stress, stressors, stress responses, consequences of stress). Then, the author examines the effect of stress on giving testimony, that is on two most important psychic functions of the importance for giving testimony: perception and memory. The impact of stress, on perception is discussed in the framework of the importance of affective tone of perception. The lower doses of stress can improve attention and perception, but with intense stress, attention rapidly decreases. Stress often causes erroneous perception of time and other errors in observation and can lead to illusions and hallucinations. The errors in face recognition are also possible in view of 'the phenomenon of focusing attention on weapon '. In relationship with memory, the author firstly gives some general considerations about this function. Then follows brief overview of memory for emotionally colored events. The negative influence of stress on memory is reflected in the possibility of psychogenic amnesia, which are often the escort of psychological trauma. Further, some events will be remembered with a lot of gaps, distortions and overemphasis. The paper points to a number of studies on (in)accuracies and (in)complete memories for traumatic events. Summarizing the main results of these studies it is concluded that memory for traumatic events has similar sharacteristics as memory for normal, nontraumatic events. Memory for traumatic events also follows the same cognitive principles. In that sense, both traumatic and nontraumatic memories can be equally powerful on the one hand, and on the other hand, there may be gaps or errors in memory as well as for the positive and negative life events.

The paper deals with the analysis of ex-Yugoslav countries' export performance (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia) over the period 2006-2013. The paper is aimed at assessing these countries’ export competitiveness and determining its dynamics in trade with the world. The analysis included the research into and comparison of export characteristics – the volume and dynamics of export flows, geographic and product export structure and concentration, technological export sophistication, export specialization expressed through revealed comparative advantage, intensity and direction of change in export structure. In order to gain a comprehensive insight into export competitiveness, a few indicators were used: Balassa RCA index, Michaely index, Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration indices, etc. The indices were calculated based on the information from relevant databases of the World Bank and International Trade Centre, aggregated at the second and sixth HS2002 level, for the eight-year period and/or for the first and the last year. The research revealed that ex-YU countries’ export performance is generally unsatisfactory, despite the progress that individual countries registered in the observed period. Most countries have comparative advantage in the products of traditional, declining industries, a high share of semiproducts and primary products, and a negligible share of high-technology products in their export portfolio, a stagnating export structure, and a low degree of geographic and product export diversification. Mutual comparisons showed that the group is not homogenous and that, besides the described common characteristics, there are significant differences within the group in certain aspects of export competitiveness. The EU member–states, Croatia and particularly Slovenia, have a series of advantages compared to countries that are candidates and potential candidate. The greatest progress toward the improved export competitiveness was achieved by Serbia, while Montenegro got the poorest rating for export competitiveness.

The subject of this article is the category of especially vulnerable witnesses in criminal procedure. The article is divided into sixth parts. The first part offers a review of various definitions of especially vulnerable witnesses in comparative law. The second focuses on the procedural protection of especially vulnerable witnesses in Serbian legislation. The third is concerned with the tactical rules of questioning of especially vulnerable witnesses. In the fourth part the author points to the importance of special services for providing assistance and support to especially vulnerable witnesses. The fifth part presents similarities and differences between protection of especially vulnerable witnesses and other forms of witness protection. The sixth part reflects on conclusions.

The article points to the discordance of the new 2011 CPC with other regulations of our judicial system: The Constitution, practices of the European Court of Human Rights, Criminal Code, Law on Public Prosecution, Law on Police, Law on Contracts and Torts. On the other hand, the laws which have not yet been terminologically or essentially harmonized with the new CPC are presented. All these are sources of discord in our legal system and require introducing changes to the CPC.

Macroeconomic performances of Bosnia and Herzegovina after the war and process of reconstruction and transition of economy are pretty bad. One of very critical issues regarding the state of BH economy is external sector, or more precisely, foreign trade deficit that has increasing trend from year to year. This paper will present some basic characteristics of BH foreign trade overall. But, main task is to analyze changes in BH foreign trade after the process of liberalization through foreign trade agreements. It is evident today that after liberalization of foreign trade with FTA countries value of import and export increased. But, BH trade deficit was larger from year to year even the fact that growth rate of export had been faster than growth of import. In 2004, foreign trade deficit with FTA countries was more than 50 % of total deficit or 1,718 billions of
1. Also, additional increase of trade deficit in 2004 compare to 2003 has been made basically with FTA country – 83 % of total additional deficit. Therefore, we may conclude that main generators of additional foreign deficit are FTA countries. And finally, beside the fact that BH has almost full liberalization of foreign trade with neighboring countries it is possible to find some non-tariff barriers to trade. We are going to identify them.

Over the last two decades of the world economy development, both the process of global/multilateral trade liberalization and the regional economic integration have intensified in parallel. Contemporary economists are unanimous in asserting a strong interdependence between the two processes. The voices are much less in accord as to the normative evaluation of this correlation. This paper will offer a detailed analysis of both the 'pessimist' and the 'optimist' arguments. The analysis will try to clarify whether the regional trading arrangements obstruct or facilitate the process of multilateral trade liberalization. The analysis takes heed to distinguish between earlier waves of regionalism in the world economy and the latest wave, which support the argument that new regionalism is relatively “benign” to outsiders and the multilateral trading system as the whole. Since the global trade liberalization is led primarily through the World Trade Organization (WTO), the analysis is particularly sensitive to the norms and principles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), i.e. the part played by the WTO as a key factor in establishing what influence the regional integration exerts upon the process of multilateral trade liberalization.

The paper deals with the issue of intra-industry trade on the example of the trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Western Balkans. The aim of the research is to present the characteristics of Bosnia and Herzegovina trade with the region in the 2004-2011 period, in the context of distinguishing inter- from intra-industry trade. Differentiating between the two types of foreign trade and identifying the structure of intra-industry trade contribute to the identification of a country’s trade pattern, and thus to the insight into the level of the country’s and its individual industries’ competitive ability. The key questions that provided directions for the research include: is the trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region of prevalently inter- or intraindustry character, which type of intra-industry trade prevails in terms of product differentiation (vertical or horizontal), and what is the trend of intra-industry trade intensity in the observed period. The responses deriving from the analysis results reveal the existence of congruence between the pattern of Bosnia and Herzegovina trade with the region and the pattern of the overall Bosnia and Herzegovina trade with the world, which is reflected in the increasing intensity of intraindustry trade, with the still prevailing share of inter-industry trade, dominance of the vertical type of intra-industry trade, and the greatest intensity of intra-industry trade in traditional industries and industries of lower technological level. The results of the research indicate the insufficient convergence of Bosnia and Herzegovina economy with the region’s economies, and still unfavorable position compared to partners.

PURPOSE Plagiarism is the most common form of scientific fraud. It is agreed that the best preventive measure is education of young scientists on basic principles of responsible conduct of research and writing. The purpose of this article was to contribute to the students' knowledge and adoption of the rules of scientific writing. METHODS A 45 min lecture was delivered to 98 attendees during 3 courses on science ethics. Before and after the course the attendees fulfilled an especially designed questionnaire with 13 questions, specifically related to the definition and various types of plagiarism and self-plagiarism. RESULTS Although considering themselves as insufficiently educated in science ethics, the majority of the attendees responded correctly to almost all questions even before the course, with percentages of correct responses to the specific question varying from 45.9-85.7%. After completion of the course, these percentages were significantly (p<0.01) higher, ranging from 66.3-98.8%. The percentage of improvement of the knowledge about plagiarism ranged from 9.18- 42.86%. The percentage of impairment ranged from 1.02- 16.33%, the latter being related to the question on correct citing unpublished materials of other people; only for this question the percentage of impairment (16.33%) was greater than the percentage of improvement (11.22%). CONCLUSION Even a short lecture focused on plagiarism contributed to the students' awareness that there are many forms of plagiarism, and that plagiarism is a serious violation of science ethics. This result confirms the largely accepted opinion that education is the best means in preventing plagiarism.

PURPOSE To determine the impact of the short science ethics courses on the knowledge of basic principles of responsible conduct of research (RCR), and on the attitude toward scientific fraud among young biomedical researchers. METHODS A total of 361 attendees of the course on science ethics answered a specially designed anonymous multiple- choice questionnaire before and after a one-day course in science ethics. The educational course consisted of 10 lectures: 1) Good scientific practice - basic principles; 2) Publication ethics; 3) Scientific fraud - fabrication, falsification, plagiarism; 4) Conflict of interests; 5) Underpublishing; 6) Mentorship; 7) Authorship; 8) Coauthorship; 9) False authorship; 10) Good scientific practice - ethical codex of science. RESULTS In comparison to their answers before the course, a significantly higher (p<0.001) number of students qualified their knowledge of science ethics as sufficient after the course was completed. That the wrongdoers deserve severe punishment for all types of scientific fraud, including false authorship, thought significantly (p<0.001) more attendees than before the course, while notably fewer attendees (p<0.001) would give or accept undeserved authorship CONCLUSION Even a short course in science ethics had a great impact on the attendees, enlarging their knowledge of responsible conduct of research and changing their previous, somewhat opportunistic, behavior regarding the reluctance to react publicly and punish the wrongdoers.

PURPOSE To assess the knowledge of basic principles of responsible conduct of research and attitude toward the violations of good scientific practice among graduate biomedical students. METHODS A total of 361 subjects entered the study. The study group consisted mainly of graduate students of Medicine (85%), and other biomedical sciences (15%). Most participants were on PhD training or on postdoctoral training. A specially designed anonymous voluntary multiple-choice questionnaire was distributed to them. The questionnaire consisted of 43 questions divided in 7 parts, each aimed to assess the participants' previous knowledge and attitudes toward ethical principles of science and the main types of scientific fraud, falsification, fabrication of data, plagiarism, and false authorship. RESULTS Although they considered themselves as insufficiently educated on science ethics, almost all participants recognized all types of scientific fraud, qualified these issues as highly unethical, and expressed strong negative attitude toward them. Despite that, only about half of the participants thought that superiors-violators of high ethical standards of science deserve severe punishment, and even fewer declared that they would whistle blow. These percentages were much greater in cases when the students had personally been plagiarized. CONCLUSION Our participants recognized all types of scientific fraud as violation of ethical standards of science, expressed strong negative attitude against fraud, and believed that they would never commit fraud, thus indicating their own high moral sense. However, the unwillingness to whistle blow and to punish adequately the violators might be characterized as opportunistic behavior.

In this paper, the author defines the notion and explains the penal order procedure and its general characteristics. It is one of the special simplified criminal proceedings, which has got special basis and special structure. This procedural form is ultimately aimed at the rationalization of the criminal procedure. It is achieved by avoiding the main hearing in the trial proceeding. The author presents the evolution of the penal order in Serbia from 2001 to 2011. He points to some legal innovations in this field during that decennium. He compares old and new legal provisions about penal order and finds some differences. There is a constant tendency to expanding the area of criminal offences which can be judged in this procedural form. New legal provisions are, in general, better than previous. However, the practice has shown that application of penal order is too small. The previous practice does not live up to expectations of theory and legislator.

This article is dedicated to the illegally gathered evidence in Serbian criminal trial. The paper consists of three parts: 1) the general theory of admissibility of illegally gathered evidence; 2) rules of admissibility of evidence in relation to violation of the right to privacy; 3) rules of admissibility of evidence in relation to illegal interrogations. There is also conclusion. There are four aspects from which those problems are reviewed: constitutional rules, statutory rules, court jurisprudence and law theory.

This article is dedicated to the classification of procedural forms in criminal process law of Serbia. The author points to the inconsistent and unacceptable conceives about existing classification in the theory. It is possible to speak of differentiation of procedural forms only when criminal procedure is not uniform in all cases. The differentiation, therefore understands coexistence of at least two procedural forms that can be distinguished. The special criminal procedural forms present a divergence from the general form, based on special grounds and motivated by special goals. From a general standpoint, differentiation has to be present in at least two planes: those of the basis and structure of the procedural form. The basis of the special criminal procedural form is the decisive factor for its creation, which can be found in the special features of the procedural objects, subjects or criminal sanctions. The specific basis calls for specific procedural structures, which can rest on leaving out individual procedural stadia or phases, or by crucially modifying the existing stadia and phases. Therefore, special criminal procedural form has to have specific basis and structure. Such divergent norms, which are characterized by special basis but that do not result in specific structure of the procedure are called procedural variability. In contrast to the special criminal procedural forms, there are non criminal procedural forms. Those forms are separated in four parts: preliminary criminal proceedings, diversion forms procedural variability and connected procedural forms. In frame of the connected procedural forms there are: adhesive, incidental, additional rehabilitation and auxiliary procedural forms.

The main idea of this paper is that the witness protection is a subjective, public right and is a result of protection of fundamental human rights. It is fundamental, public, individual, positive, directly relative and indirectly absolute right. The following entitlements stem from the fundamental right of witness to protection: a) entitlement to be informed about one’s right to protection; b) entitlement to demand or waive one’s right to protection; c) entitlement to withhold one’s personal details, testimony in full or answers to particular questions until the decision is made as to his request for protection; d) entitlement to two-instance decision on one’s request; e) entitlement to have a proxy; f) entitlement to enjoy protection. The analysis of procedural witness protection in the comparative law shows that the witness in some countries does not have certain entitlements. On the other side, some entitlements are generally recognized. Certain differencies are understandable and acceptable, but not all of them. It is necessary to work on the realization of all entitlements that can be derived from subjective right to witness protection.