Aim To determine dietary habits of elementary school students in relation to a place of living and socio-economic status of the family. Methods A prospective study conducted in the Primary Health Center Zenica involved five family medicine teams in urban and five in rural settlement during 2015. Elementary school students aged 10-16 were interviewed by random selection using a questionnaire on the socio-economic status of parents and nutritional habits of adolescents. Results The survey involved 199 respondents, 103 from rural and 96 from urban area. There were significantly more pupils from employed parents who consumed non-carbonated drinks. Students from urban areas more likely consumed fruit every day than children from rural areas. More than half of the respondents did not or rarely consumed vegetables, in this case the village pupils, who consumed much less milk. It would be expected that rural students were more likely to consume fruits, vegetables and milk due to easier access to these foods in the countryside, but the results of this research did not confirm this assumption. Conclusion Changes in traditional family functioning (lower income, unemployment) could be linked with lifestyle changes (low consumption of fruits and vegetables, low consumption of milk both in rural and urban areas, consumption of carbonated drinks), especially in families in rural areas.

Aim To assess whether the quality of diabetes care provided by a family medicine team changed over the course of four years and to identify potential gaps in our practice in order to improve it in the future. Methods An audit was carried out for randomly selected 120 medical records (MC) from the Diabetes Registry of patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus treated by one family medicine team for four consecutive years, from 2013 to 2016. We examined demographic data (gender, age, diabetes type, family history), annual examinations (glycated haemoglobin, blood glucose, lipid profile, neurological examination, urinalysis, foot care, ocular fundus and body mass index), prescribed insulin or other drugs and patients' education. Results Over the years females dominated with the maximum of 63% in 2013. In most years type 2 diabetes occurred in 93% of patients. The acceptable level of monitoring included examination of ocular fundus, lipid profile or total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting and postprandial blood glucose with more than 80% annually. A low level of monitoring complications of diabetes was found on monofilament test, 26% in 2016, urinalysis, 20% in 2016 and examination of feet with the maximum of 46% in 2013. Outcome measurement showed satisfactory levels of glycated haemoglobin of 60% in 2014, blood pressure 76% in 2014, fast 56% and postprandial blood glucose of 73% in 2013. Conclusion We still need to find effective interventions that will lead to improvement of care for patients with diabetes in family medicine.

Aim To determine most common factors making patients with high blood pressure seek professionally unacceptable treatment of hypertension at the Emergency Department. Methods The survey was conducted at the Emergency Department of the Primary Health Care in Gradačac on randomly selected 207 patients who requested medical help because of high blood pressure. For all patients arterial blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured. A survey about knowledge and attitudes regarding habits that affect high blood pressure as well as the socio-economic conditions was made. Results Prevalence of 10.3% was found with regard to visits to emergency care by patients due to high blood pressure. Most patients, 127(61.4 %), were overweight and 36(17.4%) were obese. Patients who rarely controlled their blood pressure were more frequent visitors of emergency medical services. Stressful situation occurs as a factor in a variety of forms. The survey showed that 76 (36.7%) patients sought medical help even though they had no blood pressure values that required emergency care. Conclusion Poorly organized health care system with no continuous and comprehensive preventive promotional programs caused by inappropriate use of resources in health care. The reorganization of primary care with full implementation of family medicine and greater integration of family medicine with other levels of the health care system should provide a better control and treatment of other diseases such as hypertension.

Book 4 7 October 2018 Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

Education means: learning, teaching or the process of acquiring skills or behavior modification through various exercises. Traditionally, medical education meant the oral, practical and more passive transferring of knowledge and skills from the educators to students and health professionals. Today the importance of focus on educational quality, particularly in the professions operating in the services required by people is agreed by all involved. The higher educational system shoulders some critical responsibilities in the economic, social, cultural and educational development and growth in the communities. In countries that are in transition it is in charge of educating professional human workforce in every field and if the education is optimal in terms of quality, it is capable of carrying out its responsibilities. It is reason why there is the necessity behind discovering some strategies to uplift the quality of education, especially at university level.. By increasing the courses and establishing universities and higher education centers, the countries around the world have generated more opportunities for learning, especially using modern information technologies. Regarding to evaluating different educational services quality, one of the most important measures should be the way to develop programs to promote quality and also due to the shortage of resources, evaluating the services quality enables the management to allocate the limited financial resources for realization whole educational process. Advances in medicine in recent decades are in significant correlation with the advances in the new models and concepts of medical education supported by information technologies. Modern information technologies have enabled faster, more reliable and comprehensive data collection. These technologies have started to create a large number of irrelevant information, which represents a limiting factor and a real growing gap, between the medical knowledge on one hand, and the ability of students and physicians to follow its growth on the other. Furthermore, in our environment, the term technology is generally reserved for its technical component. This terminology essentially means not only the purchase of the computer and related equipment, but also the technological foresight and technological progress, which are defined as specific combination of fundamental scientific, research and development work that gives a concrete result. The quality of the teaching-learning process at the universities in former Yugoslav countries and abroad, depends mainly of infrastructure that includes an optimal teaching space, personnel and equipment, in accordance with existing standards and norms at the cantonal or entity level, which are required to implement adequately the educational curriculum for students from first to sixth year by Bologna studying concept. For all of this it is necessary to ensure adequate funding. Technologies (medical and information, including communications) have a special role and value in ensuring the quality of medical education at universities and their organizational units (faculties). “Splitska inicijativa” project, which started 6 years ago as simple intention to exchange experiences of application new model of education, based on: Bologna studying concept, and other types of under and postgraduate education, was good idea to improve also theory and practice of it within Family medicine as academic and scientific discipline. This year scope of our scientific meeting held in Sarajevo on 24th and 25th March 2017, was quality assessment of theoretical and practical education and, also, evaluation of knowledge by students exams (a-y).

Aim To examine two methods of extracting risks for undetected type 2 diabetes (T2D): derived from electronic medical record(EMR) and family medicine (FM) assessment during pre-consultation phase. All risks were structured in three lists of patients' data using Wonca International Classification Committee(WICC). Missing data were detected in each list. Methods A prospective study included a group of 1883 patients(aged 45-70) identified with risks. Risks were assessed based on EMR for continuity variables and FM's assessment for episodes of disease and personal related information. Patients were categorized with final diagnostic test in normoglycaemia, impaired fasting glycaemia and undetected T2D. Results Total prevalence of diabetes was 10.9% (new 1.4%), of which 59.3% were females; mean age was 57.4. The EMR risks were hypertension in 1274 patients (yes 67.6%, no 27.9%, missing 4.4%), hypolipemic treatment in 690 (yes 36.6%, no 30.9%, miss 32.5%). In the episodes of disease: gestational diabetes mellitus in 31 women (yes 2.8%, missing 97.2%). Personal information: family history of diabetes in 649 (yes 34.5%, no 12.4%, missing 53.1%), overweight in 1412 (yes 75.0%, no 8.4%, missing 16.6%), giving birth to babies >4000g in 11 women (yes 0.9%, missing 99.1%). Overweight alone was the best predictor for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, OR: 2.11 (CI: 1.41-3.15) (p<.001). Conclusion Two methods of extraction could not detect data for episodes of the disease. In the list of personal information, FMs could not assess overweight for one in six patients and family history for every other patient. The study can stimulate improving coded and structured data in EMR.

Introduction: Due to sedentary lifestyles and excessive calorie intake, metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly common health problem in the world, as well as in our country, and it is estimated to occur in 30% of the population of middle and older age. The metabolic syndrome is a combination of disorders that include: obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, impaired regulation of body fat and high blood pressure. Complications resulting from metabolic syndrome significantly reduces quality of patient’s life and represents a huge socio-economic burden. Metabolic syndrome therapy is directed to reduce all risk factors, and that means the change of lifestyle, which includes a reduction of body weight, physical activity, antiatherogenic diet and smoking cessation. Medical therapy is aimed to the individual risk factors. Case report: In case of our patient, despite the optimal standard therapy, including drugs for the regulation of LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, an intensive control of blood pressure and glucose, failure to implement the recommended treatment led to a myocardial infarction. Conclusion: The fundamental problem is not the lack of efficacy of available therapeutic measures, medications and procedures, but in insufficient implementation.

1Family medicine education center at Health Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1University of Tuzla Faculty of medicine, Department of family medicine, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2Family medicine education center at Health Center Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3Family medicine education center at Health Center Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for gastrointestinal bleeding Едукативни чланци / Educational Articles

AIM To examine patients' satisfaction with health care services in primary care, and to determine a difference of attitudes towards the work of general and family medicine offices. METHODS This descriptive analytical study was conducted among patients of the Primary Health Care Zenica, who had had recent experience with the work of family or general medicine. The questionnaire for the evaluation of general and family medicine by patients was made on the basis of standardized European Project on Patient Evaluation of General Practice Care questionnaires (EUROPEP). Random sampling was used, and the patient population was divided into two clusters: patients treated in general and family practice. Respondents in the offices were selected by simple random sampling. RESULTS The study included 100 subjects, 50 for general and 50 for family medicine. There were 56 (56.0%) males, and the most common age group was 41-60 years with 42 (42.0%) subjects. Differences in patient satisfaction in favor of family medicine were statistically most significant when it came to scheduling examinations at times convenient to the patient (p=16.28), the possibility of telephone links with the office (p=32.55) and long waiting in waiting room (p=30.42). CONCLUSION Collected data confirm the high level of patients' satisfaction with the family medicine units of primary health care. Elaborated EUROPEP questionnaire seems to be a useful tool for the study Key words: satisfaction, health care quality, EUROPEP questionnaire.

Aim To investigate the attitudes of nurses, physicians, nursing postgraduate students, patients towards the method and level of nursing education in the Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods Descriptive analytical study was conducted among nurses and physicians employed in three public health institutions, as well as among students of nursing master study and among the in-patients and outpatients. An anonymous questionnaire was designed for the research. Block random sampling method was used, and subjects were divided into four groups: nurses, physicians, patients, nursing postgraduate students. Respondents were selected by simple random sampling. The study included 180 subjects, 50 of each nurses, physicians, patients, and 30 nursing postgraduate students. Results There were 67 (37.2%) males; 76 (42.2%) respondents were from the age group 41-60 years. Only 21 (42%) patients had heard about the process of health care (p=0.005), and only 34 (64%) of them had heard about the nursing university education (p=0.005). In the group of physicians, 27 (54%) respondents found that knowledge was not required for nurses (p=0.90). Differences in attitudes between the groups were statistically significant relating to the progress of nurses to highest education level, e.g. Master’s and PhD (p=0.01), and allowing nurses to manage nursing education (p=0.005). Conclusion In contrary to the physicians and patients opinion, nurse postgraduate students declared they were competent to manage university education and progress to highest education and scientific level. A compromise between nursing competence and responsibility in multidisciplinary teams, where the nurse should be an equal member, needs to be reached.

AIM To analyse the difference in documentation of standard parameters for monitoring DM type 2 between Family Medicine Teams (FMT) and Teams on Program Additional Training (PAT). METHODS Study was conducted as 20 medical chart audits of diabetic type 2 patients randomly selected per 3 FMT from Zenica and 3 PAT from Kakanj. According to the chart, we assess sex, age, glucose in blood-GB, blood pressure-BP, total cholesterol-TC, body mass index-BMI, HbA1c, foot exam, eye exam and urinoanalisis and have any of the tests been done in the past year. RESULTS 60 medical chart from FMT and 60 medical charts from PAT teams were reviewed. FMT vs. PAT teams recorded: BG 58% vs. 30% (X2 = 8.651, p = 0.003); BP 70% vs.33% (X2 = 14.716, p = 0.0001); TC 35% vs.22% (X2 = 2.011, p = 0.156); BMI 48% vs.28% (X2 = 4.266, p = 0.038); HbA1c 41% vs.75% (X2 = 12.377, p = 0.0004); foot exam 26% vs. 78% (X2 = 28.158, p < 0.0001); eye exam 48% vs. 65% (X2 = 2.749, p = 0.097) and urinoanalisis 38% vs.88% (X2 = 30.179, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION FMT recorded a higher number of metabolic parameters for macrovascular risk factors (BG, BP and BMI) than microvascular risk factors (HbA1c, foot exam and urinoanalisis) which are were better controlling by PAT teams.

AIM To evaluate HbA1c level for diabetic type 2 patients after the implementation of guidelines for diabetes mellitus (GDM) in primary health care settings. According to recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and European Association for the Study of Diabetes, HbA1c ≤ 6.5 % is considered as optimal level. METHODS A retrospective analysis randomly selected medical records of DM type 2 patients who were older than 18 before and after the review. Nineteen Family Medicine Teams (FMT) reviewed every second record (46 per FMT) in the family medicine facilities in Zenica two years prior and after the introduction of the Diabetes Mellitus 2 Guidelines. All noted values of HbA1c and all FMTs have been divided to those which reached an optimal level of HbA1c ≤ 6.5 % and those with an inadequate level (non-optimal level of HbA1c p< 6.5 %). RESULTS Records of 853 patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. A total number of HbA1c recorded in the FMT medical records increased significantly after the GDM implementation from 103 (12.1%) to 318 (37.3%). A significant improvement towards an optimal level of HbA1c was noted after the implementation GDM by all FMTs together (7 vs. 92; 6.7% vs. 28.9%; p<0.0001). Only FMT 4 and FMT 14 (2 vs.19; P < 0.05) reached the optimal level of HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Family medicine teams improved the level of HbA1c according to the recommended guidelines for diabetes mellitus after their application. Quality variations of care extended to diabetics have been noted in individual family medicine teams.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in children, and usually it appears in early childhood. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence and distribution of urinary tract infections in childhood, and to analyze clinical presentation of urinary tract infections in children. In the retrospective study were included 164 children, of both genders, who were treated in Primary Health Centre. Medical history were analyzed from all children who have presence of bacteria in urinary sediment. Urinary tract infection was found in 7.74% (164/2118) children, 11.26% (115/1021) of girls and 4.47% (49/1097) of boys. The biggest frequency was found in age group 3-6 years were UTI was found in 9.80% (74/755) of all children. Some of non-specific symptoms were found in 73.18% (120/164) children, and specific symptoms for UTI were found in 35.98% (59/164) children. The most common symptom was fever, which was found in 54.9% (90/164) children. UTI is common bacterial infection causing illness in children. It may be difficult to recognize UTI in children because the presenting symptoms and/or signs are non-specific, particularly in younger children.

BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) is one of the important parameters for controlling Diabetes Mellitus (DM). European Society of Cardiology recommended optimal level for DM BP < 130/80 mmHg. AIM We wanted to assess the level of BP for our DM patients after using specific guidelines for DM. METHODOLOGY Retrospective medical record (audit) has been conducted among 853 DM patients older then 18 years. We checked patient charts among 19 FM teams two years before (May 2003-May 2005) and two years after (May 2005-May 2007) implementation of the DM guidelines in Family Medicine (FM) clinic in Zenica. We divided FM teams based on their patients BP values; optimal level of BP < 130/80 mmHg; suboptimal level when systolic BP 130-140mmHg and diastolic 85-90 mmHg and that with inadequate level with BP>140/90mmHg. RESULTS 853 DM patient charts were analysed, 46 per FM team. Average age of DM patients was greater than 60 years and average age of doctors was 46.6. Percentage of BP inadequate level was smaller after implementation of DM guidelines in most of FM teams. For optimal level BP < 130/80 mmHg, significant improvement was seen after implementation of DM guidelines for: 6/19 teams (p < 0.0001), 2/19 teams (p < 0.001) and 2/19 teams (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION After implementation of BP guidelines for DM patients, BP can be improved in patients treated by FM teams and guidelines should be used.