Increasing demands for logistics services cause several challenges related to total costs and meeting global environmental requirements. Logistic operators make efforts to improve all logistic processes and the distribution chain system by optimizing distribution networks and transport routes. Also, using clean or renewable energy help to meet the above-mentioned requirements by using environmentally friendly means of transportation such as electric and hybrid vehicles. The replacement of conventional with electric vehicles provides numerous benefits for improving the efficiency of the distribution chain system. This process is part of the concept known as Green Logistics, which strives to minimize the environmental impact of the logistics network and delivery. This paper focuses on identification of indicators for evaluating the acceptability of replacing conventional vehicles with electric vehicles in the fleet of logistics operators. We propose an evaluation matrix based on key indicators such as total costs, eco score fleet rating, and range and energy supply of vehicles. We use these indicators to determine the advantages, challenges, and possibilities of introducing electric vehicles in the logistics operator’s fleet. Also, we conducted a multi-criteria analysis of replacing conventional with electric vehicles in the fleet of one logistics operator.

The current market situation indicates an intensive increase in services offered by the logistics sector. To fulfill the growing demand, the logistics sector in the department of distribution of goods has several challenges, such as increasing fleet, increased mileage, difficulty in achieving an environmentally-friendly distribution chain. Each of these challenges requires organizational and managerial interventions in the process of functioning of the logistics sector. Given the needs of the market, environmental restrictions at the global level, the global issue of conventional fuels, research in this paper will focus on one of the elements for achieving an environmentally friendly and sustainable distribution chain. This paper targets to point out the challenges and advantages of replacing conventional vehicle vehicles with more environmentally-friendly vehicles. In the concept of Green Logistic, the basis for achieving an environmentally friendly logistics distribution chain are electric vehicles. The paper will identify the impact of logistics operations on the environment on the example of the vehicle fleet of a logistics operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which provides goods distribution services, using European models for assessing the environmental performance of vehicles. Research and application of scientific methods will determine the advantages, challenges, and possibilities of introducing electric vehicles in logistics operator’s fleet.

The focus of research presented in this paper is quantification of the relationship between the traffic safety and roadside advertising structures along a selected road in urban environment. In order to determine correlation, statistical analysis of traffic safety indicators was performed. Then identificcation of characteristics of advertising structures and analysis was done by using multi-criteria evaluation in order to determine their impact on driver distraction. Determination of driver distraction was performed by testing the drivers in real traffic conditions, using specialized measuring equipment. The indicators derived from the research were then analyzed using the methods of regression analysis, and safety.

Inspection of technical roadworthiness of vehicles circulating in the European Union is defined as an upgrade to the technical inspection of vehicles and represents an additional possibility for improvement of technical roadworthiness of vehicles and safety of traffic, which is exhaustively and comprehensively regulated through Directive 2014/47/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the technical roadside inspection of the roadworthiness of commercial vehicles circulating in the union. Since proper load securing on vehicles is a significant factor for traffic safety, this paper describes the basic characteristics defined within Directive 2014/47/EU related to the securing and inspection of securing of load on vehicles. In addition, the paper provides a review and scope of the standards supporting the above-mentioned Directive. The presented standards - EN 12195-1/2/3/4, EN 12640, EN 12641-1/2, EN 12642, EN 283, EUMOS40509, EUMOS40511, ISO 1161 and ISO 1496-1/2/3 - provide detailed information about equipment for load securing on road vehicles, method of load securing, design of commercial vehicles and transport packages as well as the minimum requirements and specifications of required tests.

Subject review Barning in mind that the internal European market must be protected against unsafe and dangerous products in all fields, including the field of motor vehicles, this paper presents the basic principles of the European standard 286-2, which deals with tanks for air braking systems of motor vehicles and their trailers. This harmonized standard supports the Directive 87/404/EEC, which deals with simple pressure vessels. Since the tank for air braking system of motor vehicles, as a vessel under pressure, poses a security risk in the state of rest as well as during exploitation, this paper, through an example of modern pneumatic brake system in vehicles, provides a methodology for conformity assessment of the tanks of air braking system for motor vehicles and their trailers, in accordance with the EN 286-2 standard. The application of the described procedure defines the conditions that remove technical barriers in trade, protect the market from unsafe products, and thus increases traffic security.

Workload on a driver and, in consequence of it, his tiredness, represents one of the major problems to be resolved recognizing ergonomic principles and harmonizing the driver-vehicle-environment system. This work describes the method of specifying values of joint loads on the drivers arm at spatial movement when the driver operates a vehicle. For this purpose, a dynamic model of the arm is displayed to demonstrate spatial movement, the Newton-Euler s dynamic algorithm being applied to it. This algorithm may be employed to reckon the joint loads if one knows the values of generalized co-ordinates in function of time which are reckoned in this work on the ground of results received upon measuring kinematics values by means of Elites measuring system. Values of forces and the moment are reckoned in all joints of the arm at the said movement by applying the above-mentioned algorithm.

This paper presents a mathematical model for determination of values of external dynamic moments of inertia of driver’s arm motions during driving, having been reduced onto the axes of a coordinate system located at the center of shoulder joint. As driver’s arm motions during driving represent a spatial mechanism, for connection of mechanism joints the Denavit-Hartenberg notation has been applied. The position and orientation of the mechanism joints during motion with respect to reference system at shoulder joint have been determined by applying the method of homogenous transformations.