Recommended Citation LAVIC, DZEVAD; RADOVIC, MIRJANA; ALIMAN, JASMINA; BADZAK, NEDIM; KULINA, MIRKO; HADZIABULIC, ALISA; İLHAN, GÜLÇE; MUREŞAN, CRINA; and MARC, ROMİNA ALINA (2023) "Influence of cultivar and fertilization treatment on bioactive content of some apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars," Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry: Vol. 47: No. 3, Article 7. https://doi.org/10.55730/ 1300-011X.3091 Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/vol47/iss3/7

The research included seven autochthonous apple varieties in the area of Tomislavgrad, Stipanjići locality, during 2018, which represent the natural wealth of our country. In seven autochthonous apple varieties: Petrovača bijela, Budimka, Ljutika-Divljaka, Ledarica, Bedrica, Ljepocvjetka-Cvjetača and Jonatanka, phenological characteristics were monitored and analyzed with morphological-pomological properties of fruits. The following phenological characteristics were monitored: flowering phenophases, germination of the first fruits, fruit growth, fruit ripening and full maturity. Five characteristics for the description of apple fruits were determined using the UPOV descriptor for apples (UPOV, 2003). The results of monitoring the morphological and pomological properties of fruits show that the lowest average fruit weight was in the variety of Cvjetača (58,38 g), while the highest average of fruit weight had variety Bedrica (140,59 g). In the result is evident that the lowest value of fruit width had variety Cvjetača (53,72 mm), and the highest had variety of Jonatanka (70,83 mm). The Cvjetača variety had the lowest average fruit lenght (47,24 mm), while the Bedrica variety had the highest (59,72 mm). The Budimka variety had the highest average stem length (2,73 cm), while the Divljak variety had the lowest average stem length (1,43 cm). The Jonatanka variety had the largest average cup concavity and was (1,28 mm), while the Petrovača bijela variety (0,41 mm) had the lowest average cup concavity. Based on the this research, the examined autochthonous apple varieties can be used a valuable genetic material in breeding programs, and can be used to create new varieties, as well as for propagation in commercial plantations.

The physical properties of three sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Gisela 6 rootstock were studied in agroecological conditions of Blagaj, Herzegovina (southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina), during a period of two years (2020‒2021). The research included fruit and stone weight, flesh ratio, stalk length, fruit dimensions and fruit shape index) of Early Lory, Regina and Kordia cultivars. The fruits of the cultivar Kordia had the highest fruit and stone weight, flesh ratio, stalk length, fruit width as well as fruit shape index. The cultivar Early Lory had the highest fruit width and thickness. Based on the results, the cultivar Kordia showed the best results of physical properties of the fruit compared to the cultivar Early Lory and Regina.

Although around the globe numerous studies have been conducted on the nutritional composition of blueberry/bilberry and its effect on human health, very little is known about the fruit in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is the first report regarding the physical and chemical characteristics of the cultivated highbush blueberry and bilberry harvested in the same climatic conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper we present the physical weight and chemical soluble solids content, total sugars, titratable acidity, pH, and total phenols properties of the wild bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. and cultivated highbush-'Earliblue', 'Bluegold', 'Bluecrop', 'Goldtraube'-blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum L. . Among the highbush blueberry cultivars, 'Bluegold' 2.07-2.11 g and 'Bluecrop' 2.08-2.11 g had the highest weight. 'Bluecrop' had the highest soluble solids content 13.3-13.7 °Brix and total sugars 9.73%?9.94% , but the lowest content of titratable acidity 0.70-0.72 g/100 g , which was highest in 'Goldtraube' 0.92-0.93 g/100 g . This cultivar also had the highest content of total phenols 289-309 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g of fresh weight . In the case of wild bilberry, the following values were obtained: average weight 0.28-0.32 g, soluble solids content 11.1-11.3 °Brix, total sugars 7.23%-7.37%, titratable acidity 0.99%-1.02%, and total phenols 431-455 mg/100 g. Blueberry and wild bilberry also had a fairly uniform pH 3.2-3.6 . All samples had a valuable composition and so it is advisory to expand their production in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to increase their consumption.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of phenological and morphological characteristics of 3 hazelnut cultivars present in the production plantation in the north-western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The 'Rimski', 'Istarski dugi' and 'Tonda Gentile Romana' cultivars served as research material. Blooming time ranged from December to March. For all cultivars, the occurrence of dichogamy, precisely protandry, was observed. The longest flowering period of both male and female flowers was found in the 'Tonda Gentile Romana' cultivar. The 'Rimski' cultivar had the highest fruit weight (3.04 g). 'Tonda Gentile Romana' had the highest kernel weight (1.50 g). The highest kernel percentage (49%) was found in 'Istarski dugi'. The length of male catkins ranged from 21.73 cm to 29.76 cm. Statistically significant differences among cultivars were found for the following traits: the length of male catkins, the number of female flowers in glomeruli, and the number of nuts on a fruiting shoot. The 'Istarski' cultivar had the highest average length of male catkins (29.76) and the highest number of female flowers in the glomeruli (7.32). 'Tonda Gentile Romana' had the highest number of fruits (20.93) on the shoots. All three cultivars have proven to be good varieties in terms of phenological and morphological characteristics, so they can be recommended for intensive production of this nut crop.

Aims: The area of sub-Mediterranean Herzegovina, including the area of Mostar, is favourable for growing of almonds. However, this advantage has not been sufficiently exploited so far. A wide selection of almond varieties is available, so it is a challenge to select the best variety for successful cultivation in the agroecological conditions of Herzegovina, and to justify the economic investment. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their phenological characteristics in order to determine their adaptability to environmental conditions of Herzegovina. This paper describes the dynamics of flowering and fruit ripening of four varieties of almonds in climatic conditions of Herzegovina, in Mostar. The goal of this paper is to establish the dynamics of flowering in the Mostar area of these cultivar almond types: Nonpareil, Texas, Ferraduel and Genco. Study Design: For the purposes of research work, there was an experiment set up by the method of random pool arrangement, with three trees of each cultivar. Place and Duration of Study: The experimental part of this work was carried out in a part of private property located near the village of Gnojnice, Municipality of Mostar. The survey was Original Research Article Oručević and Aliman; IJPSS, 21(3): 1-9, 2018; Article no.IJPSS.39091 2 conducted on two occasions, more precisely in two vegetations, during 2013 and 2014. Methodology: The dynamics of flowering were recorded for each cultivar through three phenophases: ● Beginning of flowering the date when 10% of tree flowers are opened; ● Full flowering the date when 90% of tree flowers are opened; ● End of flowering the date when more than 90% of leaf petal fell of the tree. Results: The research results showed a big correlation between flowering phenophases flow and meteorological conditions in some research years. In 2014, the flowerings began 14 to 18 days earlier (depending on variety) in comparison to 2013. The earliest flowering was recorded for the variety “Texas”, and the latest was recorded for varieties of Ferraduel and Genco. Conclusion: Flowering duration was pretty equal for all the varieties (from 17 to 21,3 days), while the shortest duration was recorded for the varieties Genco (17) and Ferraduel (17,3) in 2013. All the varieties had earlier fruit ripening in 2014 in comparison to 2013. Fruits of Texas variety had the latest ripening, while the varieties Nonpareil, Ferraduel and Genco ripened at the same time. All the monitored varieties showed an extreme adaptability to agro-ecological conditions of Herzegovina and may be recommended for commercial cultivation.

In this study, some biochemical (total soluble solid content, pH, acidity and vitamin C) and in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total ellagic acid and concentration of anthocyanins of fifteen wild strawberry genotypes ( Fragaria vesca L.) and one commercial strawberry cultivar Camarosa ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) sampled in Northeastern Turkey were determined. Antioxidant activity of fruit samples was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Notable differences were found both among wild strawberries and also between wild strawberries and cv. Camarosa. Among the strawberry accessions tested, the total phenolics ranged from 138 mg to 228 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g fresh fruit. The total monomeric anthocyanin content was the highest in wild genotype FV-2 (53.51 mg/100 g) while the lowest in FV-6 as 25.11 mg per 100 g fresh weight basis. The total ellagic acid content was between 15.18 and 26.36 mg per 100 g. All wild strawberries had higher antioxidant activity than cv. Camarosa. Thus, it can be concluded that wild strawberry is a good source of polyphenols, ellagic acid and antioxidants.

Summary The paper presents three year research on qualitative characteristics of introduced peach varieties: Maycrest, Spring Lady, Rich Lady and Elegant Lady, and standard variety Springcrest in Herzegovina. The varieties were described according to the method of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), including subjective assessment. The highest marks for attractive fruit were given to the varieties Rich Lady and Elegant Lady, that are characterized by extremely large fruit, attractive blush colour, and easy stone adherence. Early and medium ripening varieties (Maycrest and Springcrest) are characterized by extremely firmness of flesh which provides greater transportability. The highest stone cracking was found for variety Maycrest, the lowest was noticed for Elegant lady, while the other varieties have medium stone cracking (mark 5). Concerning stone adherence, clingstone was found for the varieties Maycrest and Springcrest, semi-freestone was noticed for the variety Spring Lady, while varieties Rich Lady and Elegant Lady had free stones, actually it is completely free from flesh, characteristic which is highly appreciated by consumers. Key words: peach, fruit, flesh, stone