Background: Mutations in the LPL gene cause familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency. Symptoms of familial LPL deficiency usually begin in childhood and include abdominal pain, acute and recurrent inflammation of the pancreas, skin lesions called eruptive cutaneous xanthoma and an enlargement of the liver and spleen. The risk for two carrier parents to both pass the defective gene and, therefore, have an affected child is 25% with each pregnancy. Aims: Early diagnosis, routine surveillance and treatment of familial LPL deficiency may help to manage some of the symptoms and sometimes prevent related problems. Methods: Clinical genetic testing for familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency may be available through an in person genetic consultation for children who are considered at risk. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured using commercially available kits (Boehringer Mannheim). Results: Episodes of abdominal pain are common. Intensity, duration, and localization of episodes are variable. Enlargement of the liver and spleen occurs particularly among affected infants and children. The enlargement of these organs may vary, often in parallel with the fat content of the diet. The risk is the same for boys and girls. Conclusions: Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency is an inherited condition that disrupts the normal breakdown of fats in the body. It is characterized by absence of lipoprotein lipase activity and a massive accumulation of chylomicrons in plasma and a corresponding increase of plasma triglyceride concentration. Higher levels of plasma LPL activity are associated with decreased TG and increased HDL cholesterol levels in children.

Objective Dog bites can cause a spectrum of injuries, from lacerations to avulsions and crush injuries. In recent years, it has become more and more apparent that dog bites are a serious and often underestimated public health problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods The standard medical treatment of dog bites at our department consists of meticulous wound cleaning and closure of gaping wounds. Surgical closure was indicated when a firm wound closure without a suture was not possible. Childrens’ charts were analysed for personal data, type of injury and clinical course. Results Children who were younger than 4 years sustained significantly more attacks by small dogs compared with older children. The incidence was highest in 3-year-old patients and decreased with increasing age. A seasonal fluctuation was detected: a majority of the children were injured in the summer months and peak incidence occurred during July. Complications occurred in 13% of children. Discussion In agreement with previous publications, our data showed that the most common area targeted by dogs was hands and legs, reflecting the closer proximity of the child’s head to the attacking dog. Unfortunately, three of the children included in this report died. Conclusions Children who are younger than 12 years represent the high-risk group for dog attacks. Parents and children should be educated regarding behaviour around animals—dogs, especially those that are unfamiliar to the child. Encourage local leash laws and reporting of bites, and educate the public about responsible dog selection, ownership, and training.