Introduction: Time management is an important aspect of successful leadership and involves mastering your own work and time instead of allowing them to master you. Time management is a daily process that is applied in order to rationally use time, work schedules, lists of tasks, delegation of responsibilities and everything else that helps to efficiently use time. Material and methods: This research was prospective, descriptive, analytical and controlled. There was 100 medical worker involved, who have managing jobs of different levels and 100 medical workers who do not have managing jobs, who represented the control group. The questionnaire on „time stealers“ according to Sewert. Demographic data was gathered according to the questionnaire on self construction. Results and Conclusions: Based on conducted research, it was established that there were differences in frequencies of certain „time stealers“ in managers of different levels of University Clinical Center Tuzla; the „time stealers“ are more frequent among these with shorter length of service; These differences are significantly more frequent (p<0.05) for some questions e.g. being distracted by phone calls, meetings that are held just for the sake of having a meetings, insufficient, one-way or bad communication with superiors, and have negative effects on management of business hours.

The goal of this research was to determine the current state of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and based on the findings, point out some possible future prospects in these fields. For this purpose, a questionnaire regarding the existing state of services provided in the child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology in the county was designed and disseminated across the country. The representatives of 18 different governmental institutions (Psychiatric Clinics, Mental Health Centers, Health Clinics and Centers for Early Childhood Development) across Bosnia and Herzegovina completed the questionnaire. The data were collected from a total of 143 professionals and focused on minors, children ranging in age from birth through 18 years old. Professionals reported that 47.47% of their applied work with patients was with typically developing children, compared to working with children with special needs, where the average percentage across the institutions was 52.53%. A total of 143 experts who worked with the preschool children and minors reported that 35 of them (24.47%) worked directly with the children over 50% of their work-time, and 34 of them (23.77%) worked exclusively with children and minors. Based on the data collected and a descriptive analysis conducted, some recommendations were made for the future.

BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior is an important worldwide health problem. Psychiatric disorders, especially mood disorders, are the main risk factors for suicidal behavior. Suicide is an important cause of death in patients with epilepsy. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of suicidal ideation in patients with epilepsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 50 epilepsy inpatients and outpatients of both genders, aged 18 years and older, treated at the Department of Neurology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo in the period from 1(st) of April - October 1(st) 2007. The sample was selected randomly. Applied research instruments were general questionnaire, HAM-D-17, BHS and BSS. RESULTS Suicidal ideation and thoughts of death were present in 38% epilepsy patients. Symptoms of depression as well as feelings of hopelessness were found in half of the participants (52% and 48%), and were significantly more common in epilepsy patients with suicidal ideation. There was a significant relation of suicidal ideation with the presence of chronic pain (3.86; p=0.49), sexual/physical abuse history (5.95, p=0.015), level of hopelessness (20.7; p=0.000) and severity of depression (14.48; p=0.000) in epilepsy patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that unemployment (Exp(B) 33.9; p=0.007) and the level of hopelessness (Exp(B) 14.9; p=0.001) were independently related to suicidal ideation in these patients. CONCLUSIONS The study has shown that the level of hopelessness and unemployment have a predictive value for appearance of suicidal ideation in epilepsy patients. In the prediction of suicidal ideation in this population of patients, there is no single variable that should be considered as specific and separate.

BACKGROUND Quality of life assessments are increasingly present in health research. Chronic and progressive illness of a family member unavoidably affects quality of life of a family as a whole. The goals of this study were to gain insight into the family burden of chronic disorders, especially possible differences in family quality of life (FQOL) in families that have members suffering from either schizophrenia or Crohn's disease, and families in which none of the members have chronic somatic or mental illness, as well as to pilot an instrument for this purpose. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 53 families with a member suffering from schizophrenia, 50 families with a member suffering from Crohn's disease, and 45 families with no identifiable chronic illnesses. An informant from each family underwent a structured face to face interview, using a questionnaire specially adapted from Family Quality of Life Survey, an instrument widely used to assess FQOL in families with members with disabilities, and which addresses nine areas of family life. RESULTS In the domain of health, both groups of families with chronic illnesses believe they have significantly different conditions when compared to members of the Control group. In the Crohn's disease group, families had a great deal more of challenges in accessing healthcare services; and see themselves at a disadvantage when compared to both other groups in the domain of finances. Control group offered lowest rating in the domain of support from others. Overall measures of FQOL show significant variation among the three groups, Crohn's disease group offering lowest ratings, followed by families of mental health service users. CONCLUSIONS Overall, FQOL seems to be lower in families that have members diagnosed with Crohn's disease than in families with members suffering from schizophrenia. Illness-specific studies are required, as well as instruments with stronger psychometric properties and studies of determinants of FQOL. Qualitative approach should be emphasised when studying FQOL related to chronic illnesses.

Environments seen as the physical, chemical, and biological conditions to which organisms are subjected, define the ways we obtain various resources, their quantity and their quality. In interplay with our organisms, environments determine how 'fit' we are. An aspect of that fitness is the quality of mental functioning. Although there is a traditional view that there is something like an 'objective environment' and an 'effective environment', a part of the objective environment that actually affects the organism, the dividing line between the two is rather obscure. Environment in general cannot be defined without taking into account the behaviour of the organism, and it is especially challenging to define what environment means to humans, given the enormous variation and scope of human behaviours; what it is that we require and tolerate. Simultaneously, that physical environment is the broader context of what we usually term 'social environment'. This paper outlines the conceptual problems in determining and evaluating the relationship between environmental conditions and more proximal determinants of mental health, at the same time reviewing the assumptions of some of the well-known examples of that relationship.

This study compares the family quality of life (FQOL) in 53 families of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, treated as outpatients at the time of assessment, with the FQOL of 45 families where no members are diagnosed with any chronic illness (control group). The sampling was random. An informant from each family underwent a structured face to face interview, using a questionnaire specially adapted from Family Quality of Life Survey, an instrument widely used to assess FQOL in families with members with disabilities, and which addresses nine domains of family life (health, financial well-being, family relationships, support from others, support from services, influence of values, careers, leisure and recreation, and community integration). The instrument features two outcome measures (attainment and satisfaction) and four explanatory measures (importance, opportunities, initiative, and stability) of family quality of life in each of the nine domains. This study provides preliminary evidence about the family burden of chronic mental illness in the context of BosnianHerzegovinian health and mental health services, also inquiring about the unmet needs of these patients. Findings are discussed along with the drawbacks of the approach and the recommendations for further studies.

Copyright © 2011 by Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. E-mail for permission to publish: amabih@anubih.ba him an internationally acknowledged scholar. As Professor Kecmanovic authored or edited a great many widely read psychiatry textbooks he has contributed enormously to the education of medical students, psychiatric residents, psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric social workers in the former Yugoslavia in general and in the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina in particular. Kecmanovic’s latest book is entitled Controversies and Dilemmas in Contemporary Psychiatry. As the title suggests, it deals with those topics in psychiatry that are debatable in the fi rst place. And there are many of them. As Kecmanovic put it, if we take all the dilemmas out of psychiatry there is not much psychiatry left . Kecmanovic does not take sides. He dissects arguments, casts light on the pros and cons. He explains how some dilemmas might be resolved, and why others are not likely to be resolved because the resolution of them is simply beyond the scope of psychiatry. Kecmanovic is focused on the most important and most intriguing questions that psychiatrists cannot help but confront – no matter whether they are more interested in conceptual issues or in day-to-day clinical practice. Indeed, most psychiatrists are not keen on discussing controversies and dilemmas in contemporary psychiatry because they believe that debating burning psychiatric questions unveils the weaknesses of psychiatry and thereby tarnishes the public image of psychiatry. In this book Kecmanovic forces psychiatrists to face up to the aspects of their job that are only apparently question-free. Th at is only one of the reasons why the book deserves their attention. Kecmanovic has chosen to discuss those subject-matters that, in his opinion, contain the main controversies and dilemmas in contemporary psychiatry, such as the defi nition of mental disorder, mental health, similarities and difDusan Kecmanovic is one of the most prominent psychiatrists in the former Yugoslavia. Before leaving Sarajevo in 1993 he was Professor of Psychiatry and Political Psychology at Sarajevo University, and a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. His publications – 24 books and more than 250 papers (as the primary author) published by reputed publishers and in respected journals – made Acta Medica Academica 2011;40(1):195-196 DOI 10.5644/ama2006-124.27

Th e regular yearly professional and scientifi cmeetings, the Pula Symposia (now Congresses),for more than 50 years, demonstrates theirspecial lasting value and deserves great respect.Founded during the “Cold War” (in 1961) onthe “crossroads of worlds and ideologies,” theInternational Neuropsychiatric Pula Congresses(INPC) are also a good example of quality incooperation between psychiatrists and neurologistsin Central and South-East Europe: so theyhold a special position amongst other similarscientifi c and professional manifestations.

A CRITICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CURRENT APPROACH TO EDUCATION IN CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Slobodan Loga, Svjetlana Loga-Zec & Bojan Sosic Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Institute of pharmacology of the Faculty of Medicine, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Board for Neurological and Psychiatric Research of the Department of Medical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

AIMS This study endeavours to provide initial data on quality of life for families with adult children who have intellectual disabilities (ID) in the Canton of Sarajevo. METHODS The principal measure used was the Family Quality of life Survey 2006 - main caregivers of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities. The sample consisted of the main caregivers of 35 families with adult school children with ID who attended classes in a specially adapted programme in the Center of Vladimir Nazor and in the Vocational Secondary School in Sarajevo. Of the 35 participants, 21 were male and 14 female. Students with disabilities ranged from 19 to 32 years old (mean 21.45). RESULTS Consistent with previous research, the nine domains measured by the scale were all rated high for Importance. Opportunities were considered to be particularly low for Financial Well-Being and Support from Others. These domains were also rated lowest for Attainment and Satisfaction. Initiative was relatively high across all domains, and Stability (the degree to which things were seen as likely to improve or decline) varied slightly across domains but the means indicated that things are expected to stay almost the same or improve slightly. CONCLUSIONS This research provides initial data for family quality of life in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It also provides suggestions for improving quality of life for families that have one or more members with ID. The results should also contribute to rejecting stereotypes and promoting inclusion of children with ID as well as the rights of their families.

Intellectual disability is the state of stopped or incomplete mental development which is featured by the impairment of abilities occurring at the development age and contributes to general level of intelligence, such as speech, cognitive, motor and social abilities. Disability can occur together or separately from other mental or physical disorders. 290 million people worldwide are estimated to have disabilities. Health is a core element in quality of life, but poverty, marginalization, limited access to primary health care, and lack of health promotion knowledge compromise health. Based on a research results in all nine areas of the family life quality (health, nancial status, family relations, support of other, support of services, influence of values, career, leisure and recreation, and community interaction) community could influence with the permanent preventive measures on 6 concepts of family life quality: importance, possibility, initiative, achievement, stability and satisfaction. The research could be of great help for the development of comprehensive strategies for improvement of quality of life for families that have one or more members with intellectual disability. From inclusion we expect approach to individual and his/her family by the society, to take into account all their diversities, preservation and improvement of their personal physical and mental health, for optimal possible functioning, at all personal and social levels.

BACKGROUND Polypharmacy in psychiatry is becoming the rule rather than the exception. Using more drugs at same time usually occurs where single drugs are considered insufficiently effective. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 216 patients: 85 from Sarajevo, and 44 and 87 respectively from Mostar and Tuzla. All schizophrenic patients who were hospitalised in three University Centers of F/BiH (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar) on a particular day are included in the study. This included patients of both sexes (131 (60.65%) males and 85 females (39.35%)), 20-60 ages, who were on antipsychotic treatment with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia by the treating psychiatrist. The research was performed in the year 2004. The census of patients was conducted simultaneously in all three Centers, using a questionnaire in which all routine prescribed antipsychotics were registered, as the common method of the administration, and the doses as well saving as data for other medications that were simultaneously prescribed to the patients that day. RESULTS Within the total sample the most frequently applied classical antipsychotics were haloperidol, promazine and from the group of new antipsychotics clozapine. The most frequently used other medications were biperidine and diazepam. The administration of all medication was followed through recording of individual doses, daily doses and frequency of administration. There are statistically significant differences regarding the frequency of biperidine use between the centers (p=0.008). CONCLUSION In three University Clinical Centers of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo, Tuzla and Mostar), the applied rule is that more drugs in the treatment of schizophrenic psychosis and doing polypharmacy is the inevitable approach to treatment. The concept behind the polypharmacy is based on the fact that antipsychotic drugs do not cover all the symptoms of schizophrenic psychosis, and that additional medications may correct iatrogenic side effects caused by antipsychotic drugs. It is expected that the new atypical antipsychotics will treat much broader symptoms of psychosis and will not cause extrapyramidal side effects, as do the typical antipsychotics.