BACKGROUND Following the latest trends in the development of artificial intelligence (AI), the possibility of processing an immense amount of data has created a breakthrough in the medical field. Practitioners can now utilize AI tools to advance diagnostic protocols and improve patient care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to present the importance and modalities of AI in maternal-fetal medicine and obstetrics and its usefulness in daily clinical work and decision-making process. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed by searching PubMed for articles published from inception up until August 2023, including the search terms "artificial intelligence in obstetrics", "maternal-fetal medicine", and "machine learning" combined through Boolean operators. In addition, references lists of identified articles were further reviewed for inclusion. RESULTS According to recent research, AI has demonstrated remarkable potential in improving the accuracy and timeliness of diagnoses in maternal-fetal medicine and obstetrics, e.g., advancing perinatal ultrasound technique, monitoring fetal heart rate during labor, or predicting mode of delivery. The combination of AI and obstetric ultrasound can help optimize fetal ultrasound assessment by reducing examination time and improving diagnostic accuracy while reducing physician workload. CONCLUSION The integration of AI in maternal-fetal medicine and obstetrics has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes, enhance healthcare efficiency, and individualized care plans. As technology evolves, AI algorithms are likely to become even more sophisticated. However, the successful implementation of AI in maternal-fetal medicine and obstetrics needs to address challenges related to interpretability and reliability.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the influence of maternal level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) one by one or in combination on incidence of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Methods The study included pregnant women (n=107) hospitalized in the period from July 1, 2020 to October 10, 2021 at the Department of Pathology of Pregnancy of the University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo (UCCS) (Bosnia and Herzegovina), due to hypertensive disorder in pregnancy without symptoms of impaired thyroid function. In all patients fulfilling inclusion criteria TSH, FT3, and FT4 using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA, Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) were checked. There were two groups of patients: one with gestational hypertension (G1) and the other with preeclampsia (G2). The programs SPSS for Windows 25.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA and Microsoft Excel 11, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA were used for statistical analysis using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test because the distribution of the data was not normal. The result was considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Results Gestational age at delivery (G2 36.86 ± 3.79 vs. G1 38.94 ± 2.15; p=0.002) and birth weight (G2 2,841.36 ± 1,006.39 vs. G2 3,290.73 ± 745.6; p=0,032) were significantly different between the investigated groups. The difference between the peak systolic (p=0.002), peak diastolic blood pressure (p=0.007), TSH (p=0.044), and FT3 (p=0.045) were statistically significant. Impaired thyroid function was observed more often in G2 than in G1. Conclusions Thyroid function was more often affected adversely in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia than with gestational hypertension. Based on the results of our study it might be prudent to check thyroid hormones in all asymptomatic pregnancies with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. These findings need confirmation in larger better designed prospective studies.

The aim of our manuscript is to report of a successful perinatal outcome after treatment of acute polyhydramnios caused by duodenal atresia. A 34-year-old G3P1 was referred due to polyhydramnios in the 30th week of pregnancy. Ultrasound revealed polyhydramnios, amniotic fluid index (AFI) 28, and a double bubble sign that indicated duodenal atresia and dilatated oesophagus. In the 32nd week of gestation, the volume of amniotic fluid increases, AFI 35, along with symptoms of dyspnea and abdominal pain. Due to the clinical picture and the early gestational age, it was decided to perform an amnioreduction. In the 36th week of gestation cesarean section was performed. The baby was taken for exploratory laparotomy and found to have a simultaneous complete duodenal atresia and annular pancreas with associated dilated the first portion of the duodenum and the stomach. A side-to-side duodenoduodenostomy via single-layer hand-sewn anastomosis was performed over a transanastamotic feeding tube (TAFT). The postoperative course was uneventful. Amnioreduction is useful and safe in the treatment of acute polyhydramnios caused by duodenal atresia and thus has a significant role in prolonging gestation until fetal maturity.

: Introduction Th e concept of the quality of healthcare services is constantly evolving and transforming depending on the interest in it and the level of involvement of medical sta ff and patients. Aim To assess patient satisfaction with the quality of health services in private practice condition. Methods 105 (n=105) subjects participated in the study, and it was conducted by an anonymous survey of the clinic which o ff ers medical services, tests, and diagnostic procedures in the fi elds of gynecology, internal medicine, surgery, radiology, urology, and neurology. Th e research was conducted among patients who used the health services of a private practice institution from January to September 2022. Th e patient questionnaire consisted of 14 questions. Five questions related to identifying the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, and 9 questions were research questions of the Lickert type. For this purpose, the standardized Laschinger HCAHPS ( Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems ) questionnaire on patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services was used. Di ff erences in numerical variables were tested by Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). All P values are two-sided (p<0.05). Th e statistical program MedCalc Statistical Software version 18.2.1 was used for statistical analysis. Results Th e research was conducted on 105 patients, 28% of whom were male and 72% female. Most patients were in the age group of 61 to 70 years (30%). Patients are satis fi ed with the quality of healthcare services. Th e highest average score for reception and waiting time (4.9), the lowest score for being informed about upcoming interventions and treatments and professional approach (4.68). Conclusion Patients show a high degree of satisfaction with the general services provided.

Objective − To present a rare case of osteoid osteoma of the metacarpal bone and to emphasize the importance of correlation of radiological analysis with anamnestic data and clinical findings. Case Report − We reported the case of osteoid osteoma of the metacarpal bone in a 14-year old girl. The patient, a volleyball player, presented with pain in the left hand. At first, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieved the pain but over the time it became more intense and was accompanied with swelling. On the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the case was misdiagnosed as a status post-fracture of three metacarpal bones. After inappropriate treatment with physical therapy, the patient’s condition worsened, thus multiple laboratory tests and radiology imaging techniques were performed to achieve the right diagnosis. Diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was finally made by CTscan and appropriate treatment by surgical ablation was performed. Conclusion − Osteoid osteoma rarely occurs in metacarpal bones. Physicians should be aware of the atypical clinical presentation of this benign lesion in the metacarpal bones.