U radu su prikazani glavni parametri gradnje kamenih mostova te bitni čimbenici pri odabiru novog (zamjenskog) kamena i morta za gradnju. Opisani su rezultati laboratorijskog ispitivanja kamena i morta koji se uobičajeno koriste kod sanacije i rekonstrukcije građevina kulturno-povijesne baštine u Bosni i Hercegovini iz perioda osmanske vladavine. Posebna pažnja je posvećena ispitivanju fizikalnih i mehaničkih karakteristika sedre, travertina i vapnenaca kao osnovnih kamenih materijala koji su korišteni prilikom izgradnje takvih konstrukcija.

Main parameters for the construction of stone bridges, and major factors for selection of new (replacement) stone and mortar, are presented in the paper. Laboratory test results are given for the stone and mortar normally used in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of cultural and historical heritage structures from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A special attention is paid to physical and mechanical characteristics of tufa, travertine and limestone, as basic materials used in the construction of such structures.

Seismic performance of the oldest reinforced concrete arch bridge in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented in this paper. The bridge was constructed in the late 1897 as the first reinforced concrete arch bridge during the AustroHungarian monarchy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Several rehabilitation works were done however, no mayor interventions were ever done on this structure. Inadequate maintenance of the structure as well its inappropriate usage, passing of heavy vehicles (for which the bridge was not designed) and their long retaining on the bridge, as well as atmospheric influences have led to it degradation. The bridge was declared a national monument in 2009. In order to get as much as possible information about the bridge structure nondestructive and minor destructive tests were conducted in order to make an adequate numerical model. A rehabilitation of the structure was proposed following the ICOMOS guidelines and Venice Charter. As dynamic characteristics of bridge structures are the basis of structural dynamic response and seismic analysis, and are as well an important target of health condition monitoring, they were measured and calculated for the original structure and only calculated for the rehabilitated structure. Comparison of the results was done.

Structural condition and repair of the Careva Ćuprija Bridge in Sarajevo is presented in the paper. This historic structure has been exposed to various atmospheric influences during its use, and also to significant traffic load for which it was not initially designed, which has ultimately resulted in degradation of its structure. To enable continued functioning of this bridge its structure must be repaired taking into account the fact that the bridge was proclaimed a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 11 March 2009.

Sacral buildings, mosques with wooden minarets and chapel churches, Orthodox and Catholic churches, represent cultural heritage, and are representatives of wood structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are not only interconnected but also connected with residential architecture, making them even more interesting. These structures were for a long time neglected and placed on the margins to be forgotten. Sacral objects with wooden features retained common housing elements on one hand and the diversity is reflected in their specific characteristics. It is undoubtedly that natural influences and the human factor on wooden structures require constant monitoring and maintenance, which in the absence of finance and personnel makes it difficult to conserve and restore the traditional sacral wooden structures. This paper presents the basic data on this type of construction with the most significant details of characteristic examples.

e22518Background: Cancer patients in developing and low income countries have limited access to target therapies. Many patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) have had to wait for exte...

p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in colorectal cancer. PAK1 is a target of mesalamine [5-aminosylicylic acid (5-ASA)], a common drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis with prospective chemopreventive properties. Here, we investigated whether PAK1 deletion impedes tumorigenesis in murine intestinal cancer models. Ten-week-old APCmin or APCmin/PAK1−/− mice were monitored for 8 weeks, euthanized, and assessed for tumor number and size. Six- to 8-week-old PAK1−/− and wild-type (WT) mice received one 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and four cycles of 1.7% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 4 days followed by 14 days of regular water. Mice also received 5-ASA via diet. Tumor incidence and size was assessed via colonoscopy and pathology. Molecular targets of PAK1 and 5-ASA were evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in both models. PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity and tumor burden but did not alter average tumor size in APCmin mice. IHC revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced p-AKT, β-catenin, and c-Myc expression in APCmin adenomas. Colonoscopy and pathologic analysis revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity without affecting tumor size in AOM/DSS-treated mice. 5-ASA treatment and PAK1 deletion impeded tumor multiplicity and dysplastic lesions in AOM/DSS mice. IHC further revealed that 5-ASA blocked β-catenin signaling via inhibition of PAK1/p-AKT. These data indicate that PAK1 contributes to initiation of intestinal carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 8(11); 1093–101. ©2015 AACR.

In this paper some experimental and numerical results pertaining to unreinforced masonry walls and its components are presented. This is the first phase of the joint project to be implemented by the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Sarajevo and the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design, University of Stuttgart. Testing methods for solid clay brick, lime-cement mortar, wallet compressive and shear strength and elastic modulus follow national standards and European norms. Full scale tests of the unreinforced masonry walls were conducted at the Institute for Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering in Sarajevo. Numerical modelling concerns prism compression test and full scale masonry wall exposed to vertical and horizontal forces. Snap-back instabilities due to brick-mortar mechanical and geometrical mismatch are tackled as well. In the second phase it is planned to apply several strengthening methods and to compare the wall behaviour with the unreinforced one. The main goal of the research project is to investigate the influence of the different strengthening methods on the structural behaviour of originally unconfined masonry walls under cyclic horizontal loading.

Background. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Proinflammatory cytokines may be involved and play important role in the pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 in children with type 1 DM and healthy controls. Methods. Thirty-five children with type 1 DM, and 22 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Diabetic children were divided into: Group 1 - diagnosed within the last 18 months, Group 2 - with long standing DM. Concentration of IL-2 was measured using commercially available Human IL-2 Instant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Bender MedSystems GmbH, Austria). Concentration of IL-6 was measured using commercially available Elecsys IL-6 assay kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) with 7 pg/ml determined as a reference range. Results. Mean age and age ranges were: group 1 (11.4±4.3 years) (4.1-17.8 years), group 2 (9.7±3.7) (2.9-16.7), and control group (10.4±4.5) (1.9-17.5). Mean diabetes duration was 0.7±0.4 years in group 1, and 4.5±2.6 in group 2. In all groups detected levels of IL-6 were within reference range. Mean IL-2 levels were 2.2±3.7 pg/ml in group 1, 0.9±1.9 in group 2, and 1.2±2.6 in control group. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions. This study hasn’t determined the significantly different levels of IL-2 and IL-6 among children with type 1 DM and healthy controls. Since the results of other studies are different and there is no unique conclusion, further studies with larger study groups are warranted.

UNLABELLED Incidence of seizures in the elderly is nowadays greater than the one characteristic for children up to 10 years of age. Epileptic seizures are the third most common serious neurological disorder in this age group, after stroke and dementia. Optimal care for those patients, regarding to the seizures, demands some modification in diagnostic and treatment approach. Aim of this report was to point out problems in diagnostics, treatment and most common mistakes in practice. Fifty one patients were assessed, aged 65-83 years, (30 female and 21 male), with diagnosis of epilepsy and established antiepileptic treatment. All patients were re-examined, and following procedures were utilised: auto and heteroanamnesis (especially data provided by eyewitnesses), clinical examination, biochemical status, complete cardiological examination, EEG registration, serum concentrations of antiepileptic drugs, CT and MRI scan. Out of 51 patients 11 were misdiagnosed (syncope, provoked seizures, TIA). The most common form of seizures were partial seizures with or without secondary generalization (31 cases). Etiologic factors: stroke (25 cases), arteriosclerosis (7 cases), tumours (3 cases), trauma (2 cases), unknown (3 cases) cardiovascular diseases (29 casec) diabetes mellitus (20 cases), respiratory disturbance (12 cases) renal disturbances (8 cases). TREATMENT Only 30 patients had monotherapy from the beginning, with either carbamazepine or valproate. Rest were treated from the beginning with 2 antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital + carbamazepine or pheytoin + phenobarbital). Adverse effects were recorded in 21 patients. I. It is crucial to distingiush unprovoked and provoked seizures during diagnostic procedures, as well as epileptic and non-epileptic attacks; 2. Principle of monotherapy is conditio sine qua non, and in treatment attention should be paid to co-morbidity, multitherapy, drug interactions, intoxication, diminished detoxication and elimination of drugs, as well as increased susceptibility for antiepiletic drugs and other medicaments.