Odontological analysis of medieval archaeological samples from Krešića greblje near Čitluk, Bosnia and Herzegovina - An auxiliary method to genetic analysis

Previous research on archaeological skeletal remains in Bosnia and Herzegovina rarely included odontological analysis. The objective of this research was biological profiling through odontological analysis (dental morphological characteristics, estimation of sex and dental age at death) in medieval archaeological skeletal remains samples from Krešića greblje in Paoča (Čitluk municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina). After the excavations of the archaeological site, odontological analysis was performed before genetic analysis. The sample comprised 22 permanent teeth from 6 individuals. Odontological analysis included odontometric estimation of sex, estimation of age at death by two morphological methods, and an analysis of dental traits and dental pathology. Genetic analysis was used for sex determination. The results of odontological analysis classified all individuals as adults, with estimated age at death 20-25 in one individual, 30-35 in three individuals, 35-45 in one individual, and one individual older than 45 years of age. Odontometric sex estimation was in high concordance with sex determination by genetic analysis, and correctly classified five individuals’ sex (four females and one male). In one individual odontometric sex was assessed as female while genetic analysis revealed male. Morphological dental traits and dental pathology were investigated as well, adding to a better understanding of the odontological characteristics of the medieval population in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sex and dental age estimation given by odontological analysis provide fast and cost-effective information, and should be performed as an auxiliary before genetic analysis.