Morphological Motor Status of Top Quality Sitting Volleyball Players in Bosnia and Herzegovina

IntroductionSitting volleyball is sports activity which gives evident positive effects during rehabilitation and general resocialization of persons with physical disabilities. Motorical abilities (handiness, agility, flexibility, endurance, strength, speed and similar are developed through this game) (Mahmutovic & Turkovic, 1999). Sitting volleyball is extremely dynamic game in which all persons with physical disability give maximum of its possibilities thereby achieving positive transformations from any aspect (physiological, psychological, sociological, motor etc) (Mahmutovic & Turkovic, 1999). The movements of the body in sitting volleyball are specific, unnatural and learned, and differ significantly from natural forms of movement. The movements in sitting volleyball have sports purposes and they are most commonly used for activities on the ball (Mahmutovic & Turkovic, 1999). Specificity of the game is such that players "must" sit on the ground during the game or in the course of playing of game elements their gluteal part must be in contact with the ground (Mahmutovic & Turkovic, 1999).Sitting volleyball is a game that involves rally of two teams made up of a maximum of twelve, and at least six members in each. Twelve players participate in game, six in each team. The game is played in three won sets on principle of tie-breaks up to 25 points with a difference of two points in first four sets, and in the fifth set, tie-break is played up to 15 points with a difference of two points. Three balls whose colour, shape and weight is determined per rules of the World Organisation Volleyball for Disabled (WOVD) is used during the game.The rules of the sitting volleyball are structured in a way so that they enable the players to show the best of their abilities, spirit, creativity and aesthetics during the competition. With a few exceptions, sitting volleyball enables all players to play on attack (game on the net) and in defence (in background) and to serve.Like other games with net, it has certain elements such as: service, rotation, attack, defence, but it is exceptional in that the ball must constantly remain in the air and in that it allows certain degree of internal switching of the ball among the players of one team.The introduction of specialized defence player (sweeper) into sitting volleyball allowed for the game to additionally gain on dynamics. Today, there are twenty registered teams in sitting volleyball in Bosnia and Herzegovina which compete in two leagues and which are: First Federal league and Second Federal league. Each league has ten teams. Sitting volleyball is a sport in Bosnia and Herzegovina with most trophies. National team of sitting volleyball has on international level in period from 2001-2013 won 11 gold and two silver medals on international competitions, out of which 7 gold medals were from European Championships, two gold medals and one silver medal on World Championships and two gold and one silver medal on Paralympic Games. Optimal physique is apparently an advantage to volleyball performance. Only when a volleyball team is collectively equipped with all the ideal anthropometric characteristics can the team win the dominance in a game (Chen, 2005). However, as opposed to standing up volleyball, the players in sitting volleyball are recruited from population of persons with disabilities, regardless of morphological and motor predispositions usually preferred with volleyball players, such as longitudinal dimensionality of skeleton, explosive strength, coordination and above all agility. Characteristic which has negative impact on the success of the game is subcutaneous adipose tissue (Cabral, B., Cabral, S., Miranda, Dantas & Reis, 2011; Dopsaj, Nesic & Copic, 2010; Marelic, Ðurkovic & Resetar, 2007). Sitting volleyball can be played by male and female players with damaged movement system which includes classification of International Organisation of Sports for the Disabled (IOSD) for persons with amputations and classifications for other damages of musculoskeletal system (les autres), such as: cerebral palsy, damage to the spinal column, dwarfism, dysmelia, hip and knee arthroplasty with permanent disabilities and similar. …