Towards Reliable Real-Time Modelling of PV Cells: A Computational Perspective for Safe Inverter Control
Reliable and computationally efficient modeling of photovoltaic (PV) cells is essential for real-time control of power electronic systems, especially in safety-critical applications such as inverter control in smart grids and defense-related infrastructures. This paper investigates the accuracy, speed, and robustness of several PV cell models — including the Single Diode Model (SDM), Double Diode Model (DDM), and Triple Diode Model (TDM) — using closed-form and semi-analytical parameter estimation techniques based on the Lambert W function. The performance of each model is evaluated with respect to estimation time, curve-fitting accuracy, and its impact on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) behavior. The results demonstrate that, while more complex models offer higher fidelity, the computational burden may compromise real-time applicability.