COI Sequencing from Guano Improves Bat Diversity Research: The First Report from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Simple Summary The biodiversity of bats in Bosnia and Herzegovina has only been assessed by methods that require capture and/or the analysis of echolocation signals, thus giving and incomplete picture of the true biodiversity. To address this, we aimed to measure bat diversity by analyzing DNA from bat droppings (guano) and comparing the results of this advanced genetic method to traditional morphological measurements of captured bats. The results revealed that while the morphological method identified only 10 bat species, the DNA analysis successfully identified 13 species—including Mehely’s horseshoe bat, a species never recorded in the country before. Furthermore, DNA testing clarified uncertain morphological identifications and discovered more species at every location. The study concludes that Bosnia and Herzegovina hosts a much richer diversity of bats than previously thought, and proves that non-invasive DNA sampling from guano is a highly effective tool for routine bat monitoring and provides an easy, harmless way for conservationists to pinpoint and protect critical natural habitats, ensuring the survival of these ecologically vital animals and maintaining healthy local ecosystems.