MAPIRANJE KRIMINALITETA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI - STANJE I PERSPEKTIVE

Inspi r acij a za rad i problem(i) koji se radom oslovljava(ju): Tradicionalni sistemi operativnog i analitickog rada sve teže mogu odgovoriti savremenim oblicima kri- minaliteta, prije svega jer ne mogu pružiti dovoljno brze i tacne podatke u svrhu predviđanja i podrske odlucivanju. Geografski informacioni sistemi (e. Geographi cal Information Systems ) koriste kompjuterski obrađene geografske karte za pomoc pri vizualizaciji i pristupu velikoj kolicini podataka sadržanih u odgovarajucim bazama podataka. Na taj nacin, znacajno olaksavaju i ubrzavaju uocavanje kriticnih informa- cija i događaja vezanih za pojavu i trendove kriminala od strane policijskih agencija, kao i njihov pravovremeni odgovor. Samim tim, GIS predstavljaju važnu kariku u bor- bi protiv kriminaliteta pružajuci alatke za mapiranje i analizu kriminaliteta. Dodatno, oni omogucavaju analizu kompleksnih i naizgled nepovezanih događaja i prikaz slo- jevitih, prostornih karti. Ciljevi rada (naucni i/ ili drustveni): U prevenciji i borbi protiv kriminaliteta GIS se mogu koristiti na tri nivoa: mapiranje kriminaliteta, kriminalisticka analitika te istražne i predistražne radnje. U ovom radu autori ce se osvrnuti na sva tri aspekta upotrebe GIS-a s posebnim naglaskom na mogucnosti i pogodnosti koje takvi sistemi pružaju u unapređenju socijalne kontrole kriminaliteta, sto ujedno predstavlja i cilj ovog rada. metodologija/ dizajn: Da bi postigli postavljene ciljeve rada neophodno ce biti pro- vesti ograniceno i fokusirano teorijsko istraživanje kategorije mapiranja kriminaliteta, ukljucujuci i pravni osvrt na norme koje tretiraju ovu problematiku. Pored navedenog, istraživanje ce obuhvatiti i empirijsko istraživanje na prigodnom uzorku predstavnika institucija koje bi mogle koristiti instrumente mapiranja kriminaliteta u svom radu, kroz koje ce biti primijenjene kako kvantitativne tako i kvalitativne metode analize prikupljene empirijske građe. Polazna teorijska osnova rada bit ce postavljena na tezama koje se naglasavaju u kriminologiji mjesta odnosno kako se cesce naziva okolisna ili ambijentalna kriminologija, ne iskljucujuci i druge teorijske koncepcije kriminalistike te koncepte drugih nauka izvan ili unutar kriminologije. Og r anicenj a istraživanja/ rada: Kljucno ogranicenje ovog istraživanja moglo bi biti nepostojanje prakse koriscenja mapiranja kriminaliteta u institucijama formalne so- cijalne kontrole te nespremnost nosilaca rukovodnih funkcija u ovim institucijama za unapređenje rada novim tehnologijama i metodama rada sto je registrovano u nekim ranijim istraživanjima organizacije i funkcionisanja policijskih i pravosudnih institucija. Re z ultati/ nalazi: Teoretizirajuci trenutno stanje naznacenih pitanja u Bosni i Hercego- vini, nastojat ce se dati prijedlog konkretnih buducih aktivnosti koje ukljucuju koriste- nje GIS tehnologije u radu policijskih agencija. Generalni zakljucak: U zakljucku ce biti ukazano na mogucnosti i perspektive razvoja ovih tehnologija i viseg nivoa upotrebe u svakodnevnom radu policijskih agencija. Opravdanost istraživanja/ rada: U unapređenju formalnog sistema socijalne kontro- le kriminaliteta temeljnu ulogu imaju spoznaje dobivene kroz naucnoistraživacke po- stupke kojima se nastoje obogatiti znanja kako iz oblasti fenomenologije i etiologije kriminalnog ponasanja tako i o mehanizmima i efektima reakcije na kriminalitet. Krimi- nologija i druge srodne discipline, koristeci teorijske koncepcije prirodnih, drustvenih i tehnickih nauka, nastoje kontinuirano doprinositi inovacijama u oblasti analize, a onda i uspjesnije kontrole kriminaliteta. Rezultati ispitivanja kapaciteta mapiranja kriminali- teta u nasoj zajednici trebali bi opravdati kako naucni tako i drustveni znacaj ovog rada. -----------------------------------------------------  Crime mapping in Bosnia and Herzegovina - current situation and prospects for the future R eason(s) for writing and research problem(s): It is becoming increasingly more diffi- cult for traditional systems of operational and analytical work to respond to types of criminality encountered today thus because they are unable to provide accurate data in sufficient time to predict trends and provide support to the decision making process. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) use computer-processed geographical maps as an aid to visualize and access large amounts of data that are located within specific databases. In this way, the work of police agencies with respect to critical information detection process and in particular those events related to criminal trends has become significantly easier and more quickly. This means that GISs are an important means of combating criminality, because of their tools for crime mapping and analysis. In addi- tion, these systems provide an analysis of complex and at first sight unrelated events displayed on multiple layered area maps. Goals of this paper (scientific and/ or social): In preventing and combatting crime, GISs can be used in three different areas: crime mapping, crime analysis and investiga- tion and finally pre-investigation work. In this paper, the authors will discuss all three aspects of GIS usage, focusing on its capabilities and advantages in improving crime control in society. methodology/ Design: In order to achieve these goals, it will be necessary to conduct specific theoretical research focusing on crime mapping categories, including the legal framework and the norms regulating this area. In addition, the authors will perform  empirical research of an appropriate sample of institutions are likely to use crime map- ping in their work, and will also apply quantitive and qualitive analysis methods based on the empirical material. The initial theoretical basis of the work will be presented by focusing on environmental criminology. However, other concepts of criminalistics and other sciences either within or outside of criminology will also be taken into con- sideration. R esearch/ Paper limitations: The main limitation of this research might be the limited practical use of crime mapping within institutions dealing with formal social control, and reluctance of supervisors within these institutions to improve efficiency by intro- ducing new technologies and methods, as was found in some recent research in the organization and functioning of police and judicial institutions. R esults / Findings: Through a theoretical discussion of the current situation of the above mentioned problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the authors will attempt to propose concrete future activities involving the use of GIS technology in police agencies. General conclusion: In conclusion, the authors will indicate the possibility of develop- ing GIS technologies and using them extensively on a daily basis in police agencies. R esearch/ Paper validity: Improvement of a formal system of social control of crimi- nality relies upon findings that are derived from scientific research used to improve the knowledge about phenomenology and etiology of criminal behavior, as well as mechanisms and effects of reaction to criminality. Criminology and other related dis- ciplines, by using theoretical concepts of natural, social and technical sciences, is con- stantly attempting not only to innovations in the area of analysis, but also to more ef- ficient and effective crime control. Results of research into the crime mapping capacity in the BiH community should justify the scientific and social significance of this paper.