Energy saving potentials related to steam generation and its usage in the medium size bakery are analyzed and presented. Input data needed for the investigation are gathered through detailed energy audit. Four energy savings measures are analysed in detail: 1) change of heat generator for space heating and domestic hot water preparation from steam boiler to condensing boiler, 2) reduction of heat losses from steam and condensate distribution lines, 3) heat utilization of return condensate and 4) replacement of the old, low efficiency steam boiler with high-efficient one. Implementation of these measures will result in substantial reduction of energy costs, ranging from 2.900 to 26.200 € annually. Interaction of all measures is analysed through energy efficiency improvement scenario, whose implementation will ensure significant energy cost savings, estimated at 40.793 € annually, with simple payback period shorter than 4 years. Implementation of presented measures will improve facility’s energy efficiency, represented through reduction of annual energy performance indicators by 6,14 %. Presented analysis revealed that steam generation and its usage in the industrial facilities offer a substantial potential for reduction of energy use and energy related cost.

Generated power of thermal power plant is closely related to efficient work of cooling towers, via condenser pressure affected by output temperature of cooling water. Performance characteristics of cooling system can be rated via several parameters such as: thermal effectiveness, Merkel number, number of transfer units, and overall heat and mass transfer coefficient. Results gathered during acceptance test of cooling system of thermal power plant Kakanj (unit 7) which consists of 12 wet counterflow induced draft cooling towers, are used to evaluate its most important performance characteristics. It is shown that some tower performance characteristic vary during the day more than others due to their dependence on climatic parameters, particularly air wet bulb temperature. Different approaches and methods (analytical and empirical) for evaluation of tower performance are discussed in order to define the most appropriate performance characteristic and calculation method which can be used for establishing the optimal working mode of analysed cooling system.

This paper investigates economic and environmental benefits of usage of renewable energy for hot water preparation system in elementary school in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Case study includes field measurements on hot water preparation system which consist of conventional electric water heaters, commonly found in educational facilities in region. Values from long-time measurements of system electrical energy and water consumption, along with simultaneously measured thermal energy supplied to the hot water, are presented. Measured values of solar radiation on the exact location are presented and compared with local meteorological data. Based on the measurements, actual energy and water consumption of system as well as related expenses are calculated. It is shown that actual water and energy consumption of system is substantially low when compared to the values prescribed by standard. This shows that hygienic standards are not met in the object, which is a common situation in many educational facilities in the region. In order to meet the minimum energy and water needs for hot water system and to prevent high operational costs, solar-based system for hot water preparation is proposed. New system provides better technical performance with reduced operational costs, primary energy consumption and CO2 emission.