I will discuss our recent experimental realizations of discrete and continuous time crystals using an all-to-all interaction between atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate mediated by a high finesse optical cavity.

Rydberg dressing provides optically controllable interactions between neutral atoms, of interest for generating many-body entanglement. We demonstrate these interactions and emulate transverse-field Ising dynamics in a cold gas of cesium atoms.

Presbyopia is the condition in which a patient’s amplitude of accommodation has decreased to the point where clear or comfortable vision at the desired nearpoint is not obtainable (Figure 1). Presbyopia generally occurs if the amplitude of accommodation is less than five to two diopters.1 Throughout the literature the point at which presbyopia starts varies due to different definitions. The word presbyopia finds its origin in Greek,. where the prefix „presby“ means old and the suffix „opia“ refers to eyes. Therefore, presbyopia is sometimes referred to as the „old age vision“. Due to the demographic development of the world’s population the prevalence of presbyopia will increase from about 590 million today to one billion by the year 2020. It is an inevitable part of aging and should therefore get the proper attention from all the people working in the field of ophthalmology. ABSTRACT – Presbyopia is the progressive inability of the eye’s lens to change shape and focus clearly on near objects. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the symptoms, influencing factors in the progression of presbyopia, age-related changes of the eye, optical correction and surgical approaches to presbyopia. The age-related changes of the lens, the capsule, the ciliary muscle and the vitreous are well examined; however, a distinction whether those changes are a cause or a consequence of presbyopia cannot be made. The optical correction of presbyopia reaches from monovision, bifocals, trifocals to progressive lenses and contact lenses. Approaches to surgical techniques for correcting presbyopia include scleral expansion bands, radial sclerotomy, anterior ciliary sclerotomy, polymer injectable lenses, photodisruptive laser and accommodative IOLs. Milestone innovations can only be expected in the surgical field as the optical correction of presbyopia using spectacles and contact lenses has already reached extremely high quality levels and is limited by optical laws.