Introduction: Cannabinoids are natural compounds present in plants of the cannabis family. The most important cannabinoids from a medical perspective are THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). The correct dose and appropriate frequency of application are successful in using cannabis as a medicine for medical purposes. Aim: To gain a deeper understanding of the attitudes and thoughts of society on the legalization of cannabis in BiH, with a special emphasis on the prejudices that have developed through the influence of the legal and social system. Also, the aim is to determine the extent to which social and cultural context influences people's thoughts on legalization and how these attitudes may vary depending on generation, education or social environment. Result: The research included 210 respondents. The demographic data, attitudes and awareness of the respondents about the therapeutic use of cannabis were analyzed, including their familiarity with the pharmacological forms of cannabis and potential therapeutic effects. The research showed that the majority of the respondents positively assess the therapeutic effect of cannabis, while there is uncertainty among a small part of the population who still feel insufficiently informed.Conclusion: The research provided insight into the attitudes of society towards the legalization of cannabis, confirming the hypothesis that the majority of the public has a positive attitude towards its therapeutic use. However, it indicates the need for additional education and reduction of uncertainty among citizens regarding its effect and potential risks. Keywords: cannabis, therapeutic use of cannabis, attitudes, education, abuse

Background/Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to produce an adapted Croatian version of the Negative Behaviors in Health Care Questionnaire and to validate it. Methods: The process comprised the translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire. Clinical specialists and qualified bilingual speakers participated in both forward and backward translation. Face validity was tested. The survey’s original developer approved the final version. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the test–retest method and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and assessments of divergent and convergent validity were conducted. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and R, program version 3.5.2., for Windows. Results: A five-factor structure was obtained and confirmed via CFA, although not all fit coefficients were satisfactory. The internal consistency reliability was 0.86 for the contributing factors and the seriousness of aggression, 0.79 for the use of aggression, 0.95 for the fear of retaliation, and 0.83 for the frequency of aggression; in total, α = 0.88. Test–retest reliability was moderate. All correlations were statistically significant, and the correlation was the highest for seriousness (0.754) and frequency of aggression (0.725) and the lowest for contributing factors (0.528). Test–retest reliability was satisfactory. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing respondents by gender, age, work experience, education, and hierarchical position. Conclusions: The adapted, translated, and validated survey provides a valuable tool for assessing lateral and vertical aggression between and towards nurses in terms of contributing factors, frequency, severity, uses of aggression, and fear of retaliation.

Objectives: Different inflammatory processes and sepsis can significantly affect the number of platelets and platelet indices. Therefore, in this study, total platelet count (PLT), thrombocrit (Pct), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) were analyzed in patients with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial sepsis and in sterile blood cultures. Materials and methods: Inclusion criteria were an increased number of inflammatory parameters (elevated values of leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and positive blood culture. Exclusion criteria were patients who did not have elevated values of inflammatory parameters and did not have a positive blood culture. Samples were collected from patients who had sepsis confirmed by blood cultures at the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics at University Clinical Hospital Mostar in the period from 2019 to 2022. Three groups were analyzed, patients who had sterile blood cultures, patients with blood cultures with isolated Gram-positive bacteria, and patients with blood cultures with isolated Gram-negative bacteria. Specific infectious agents were identified for each group of patients. In addition to the above, PLT, Pct, MPV, PDW, P-LCR, PCT, CRP, the total number of leukocytes, and the number of neutrophil leukocytes were analyzed in each group. Results: The values of PCT, CRP, and the number of neutrophile leukocytes were significantly higher in patients with Gram-negative sepsis as compared to Gram-positive sepsis and to control group. Patients with sepsis have decreased PLT and Ptc and increased values of MPV, PDW, and P-LCR. In sepsis caused by the Gram-negative bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, the values of the same parameters were more changed compared to sepsis caused by Gram-positive bacteria, i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). When comparing Gram-negative negative bacteria, PLT was lowest in sepsis caused by Escherichia coli, the PDW value was highest in sepsis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, and MPV and P-LCR were the highest in sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: Our study showed that platelet indices are significantly changed in patients with sepsis. Patients with sepsis have decreased values of PLT and Pct and increased values of MPV, PDW, and P-LCR, indicating an increase in thrombocyte production. Moreover, the results were more prominent in sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria compared to sepsis caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

While clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is curable, advanced metastatic (mRCC) remains a clinical challenge. We analyzed clinical, pathohistological, and molecular data (Receptor Interacting Protein 5—RIP5 and Vestigial Like Family Member 4—VGLL4 expression) of 55 mRCC patients treated with first-line treatment with sunitinib. The trend of linear increase in the protein expression of RIP5 was observed with the progression of tumor grade. Overall, 80% of RIP5-positive cells were in the control kidneys and high-grade mRCC. On the contrary, RIP5 displayed low expression in grade 2 mRCC (5.63%). The trend of linear decrease in the expression of VGLL4 was observed with the progression of tumor grade. The highest protein expression of VGLL4 was observed in grade 2 (87.82%) in comparison to grade 3 and 4 and control. High expression of RIP5 mRNA was associated with longer first-line overall survival and longer progression-free survival in mRCC. In addition, a high VGLL4 mRNA expression showed better overall survival in patients with ccRCC. In conclusion, high mRNA expression of RIP5 and VGLL4 are important markers of better survival rates in mRCC patients.

Celiac disease is a chronic gastroenterological disease, and a lifelong gluten-free diet is a needed andnecessary therapy, which implies the exclusion of products containing gluten from the diet. The declaration ofgluten-free products is often unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of this paper was to examine celiac diseasepatients' attitudes and experiences with gluten-free diet declarations. 95 respondents from the area of HNŽ with adiagnosis of celiac disease were included in this quantitative research. The anonymous survey was conducted usingthe Google Forms tool. An anonymous survey examined sociodemographic data (age, gender, education, duration ofillness), experiences and attitudes with declarations about gluten-free diet. In this research, more than half of therespondents are extremely careful about what they consume, without exception. Participants who have beendiagnosed with celiac disease for a longer period of time completely disagree to a greater extent that they do notknow what products they can consume. Individuals with gluten sensitivity may rely more on the 'gluten-free' claimfor information about the gluten content of a product. Individuals with celiac disease, on the other hand, may bemore experienced readers of food labels and may rely more on the ingredient list. Consumer expectations havedriven the food industry to continuously adapt and improve the formulations and processing techniques used in theproduction of gluten-free products.

Uvod: Novi koronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, prvi put se pojavio u Wuhanu, u prosincu 2019. godine. Bolest koju uzrokuje SARS-CoV-2 naziva se COVID-19. Kako bi se spriječilo daljnje širenje zarazne bolesti potrebno je provoditi preventivne mjere. Kolektivni imunitet ključni je koncept za kontrolu epidemije. Samo dio populacije mora biti imun na zarazne agense, a to se može postići putem prevladavanja postojeće infekcije ili cijepljenjem. Učinkovito cjepivo najsigurniji je način za postizanje kolektivnog imuniteta. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati znanja i stavove studenata Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru o cjepivu protiv COVID-19. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 181 studenata, među kojima je 84% ženskih i 16% muških ispitanika. Ispitanici su bili studenti Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru različitih studijskih smjerova i godina. Anketa je anonimna i ista je provedeno preko Google Forms koji je sastavni dio Google Drive-a (Google Diska). Rezultati: Istraživanjem smo utvrdili da postoji statistički značajna razlika u znanju između studenata preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija. Utvrdili smo da je veći postotak ženskih ispitanica koje prihvaćaju cjepivo protiv COVID-19. Ovim istraživanjem utvrdili smo da studenti diplomskog studija pokazuju pozitivnije stavove o cjepivu u odnosu na studente preddiplomskog studija. Studenti koji odbijaju primiti cjepivo, kao razlog navode nedovoljnu ispitanost istog. Zaključak: Ovim istraživanjem otkrili smo da na stav studenata ne utječe samo razina zdravstvenog znanja, nego i drugi čimbenici. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi uključivati pitanja o strahu od nuspojava i drugih čimbenika koji utječu na negativan stav studenata o cjepivu protiv COVID-19.

SUMMARY Providing in-patient nursing care inevitably involves shift work and shift patterns have been identified as an important factor in determining well-being and satisfaction among nurses. Shifts of 12 h or longer have become increasingly common for nurses in hospitals in some European countries. Longer shifts offer a potential to benefit from a compressed working week, with fewer work days and more days off-work, lower commuting costs, and increased flexibility. Most people find shift work less desirable compared to standard working hours. A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted at the Mostar University Hospital in 2019. A total of 157 subjects participated in the study, 22 (14%) of which were male (medical technicians) and 135 (86%) female (nurses). The mean age of study subjects was 33.3 years (min=20, max=54, SD=8.033). Results of this study suggested that nurses working irregular rotating shifts, with more family members to look after and more than 18 years of professional experience were affected by sleep disturbances between shifts. The study showed that shift work nurses had significantly higher levels of cortisol and prolactin compared with first-shift nurses/medical technicians. The results of this study are expected to stimulate further studies of sleep disturbances among shift nurses.

BACKGROUND Nursing is a profession frequently organized around shift work in order to guarantee the continuity of care throughout the 24 hours. However, working in shifts is coupled with the desynchronization of circadian rhythms and may result in adverse effects on nurses' health. Our previous work has demonstrated the presence of increased stress levels, reduced coping abilities and diminished life enjoyment in shift work nurses in comparison to those working only in accordance with the daily schedule. Here we aimed to appraise the effects of shift work on their overall health status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We used a comparative cross-sectional approach on a sample of 157 hospital nursing professionals at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar. Study subjects were divided into two groups: a total of 51% study subjects were included in a specific type of shift work (i.e., 12-hour day shift / 24 hours off / 12-hour night shift / 48 hours off), while the remaining 49% adhered to the conventional 7-hour daily schedule. The instrument used was a Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI), together with a comprehensive appraisal of participants' socio-demographic characteristics. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied, and statistical significance was set at p≤0.05 (two-sided). RESULTS The results have shown that nurses in shift work were significantly more burdened with gastrointestinal disturbances (p<0.001); more specifically, there was a higher frequency of appetite loss (p=0.003), heartburn (p=0.03), nausea (p<0.01) and weight gain (p=0.05) when compared to nursing professionals in the day shift. Conversely, there were no statistically significant differences in cardiovascular health between these two groups. In addition, nurses in shift work more frequently presented with headaches (p=0.001) and varicose veins of lower extremities (p=0.037) in comparison to nurses working only in accordance with the daily schedule. CONCLUSIONS Shift work can adversely influence psychophysical homeostasis, resulting not only in substandard performance of nursing staff, but also potentially hazardous effects on their overall health status. More specifically, we recognized shift work as a substantial risk factor for gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders in nurses; likewise, the increased prevalence of headaches may consequently have a detrimental effect on social and family relationships. All of this should be tackled in a holistic and organized way, together with any additional psychological/sleep issues.

BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of the European labour force is involved in some type of shift work, with nurses being on the forefront. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, a specific work scheme is pervasive in the health care arena, where all nurses involved in shift work are committed to eight night shifts per month - unlike other European countries that restrict the number of night shifts. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate whether such shift work significantly affects psychosocial functioning and the quality of life of hospital nursing personnel in this country. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study design was applied on a total of 157 hospital nursing professionals at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar during 2019. Subjects were divided into two groups: a total of 51% study subjects worked in specific shifts (12-hour day shift / 24 hours off / 12-hour night shift / 48 hours off), while 49% subjects worked in accordance with the regular 7-hour daily schedule. Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) questionnaire was used, alongside comprehensive socio-demographic and quality of life appraisal. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS This study demonstrated increased amounts of stress, reduced coping abilities and reduced levels of life enjoyment in shift work nurses in comparison to day work nurses. Furthermore, increased anxiety, stress, psychoorganic symptoms and sleep disturbances were significantly more common in shift work hospital nursing staff. In our study, nurses that worked in shifts have experienced negative externalities such as decreased social functioning, as well as reduced family and leisure time. Conversely, significantly higher satisfaction rates with shift work were only shown in regards to compensation. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal many detrimental effects of shift work and contribute to the field of research that is still laden with gaps in understanding its exact impact on the overall health of nursing personnel. Going forward, prospective (and even interventional) studies will be needed to disentangle the exact interplay between work-related factors in various health care systems and subsequent psychosocial disorders in health personnel.

A study of COVID-19 infected patients was conducted regarding to organic and psychological characteristics. The findings of the study indicate that in the period of the pandemic in 2020, a total of 78 infection cases were confirmed in West Herzegovina Canton. Of the total number of infected, 55.1% are women and 44.9% are men. Of the infected population, 16.7% were hospitalized. By monitoring the COVID-19 disease in West Herzegovina Canton, we conclude how all manifestations of the disease were represented, from asymptomatic, through mild respiratory to the most severe clinical picture with fatal outcomes. The mortality rate in West Herzegovina Canton is 5.1%. The study showed that a total of 28.2% of COVID-19 positive patients before infecting with virus, were most likely to suffer from hypertension, diabetes and malignancies. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that a total of 71.9% of those infected are without underlying diseases. Also, the results indicate that people with COVID-19 in addition to the characteristic symptoms of the disease (fever, fatigue, cough, etc.) had certain mental ailments such as decreased general mood, increased anxiety, panic attacks, acute stress disorder and others.