The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the industrial zone, near the center of Banja Luka and river Vrbas, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the presented research, the total concentration of the PAHs in research area ranged from 0.356 to 11.49 mg/kg, with mean values of 1.99 mg/kg indicated that soil was heavily contaminated (max limit 1 mg/kg) and polluted with pollutant of class III ranging from 1 to 5 mg/kg. The possible sources of PAHs in the soils were estimated by using diagnostic ratios (LMW/HMW (low/high molecular weights), Fluo/(Fluo+Pyr) (fluoranthene/(fluoranthene+pyrene)), BaA/(BaA+Chr) (benzo[a]anthracene/(benzo[a] anthracene+chrysene)) and IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP) (indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene + benzo[g,h,i]perylene))) and factor analysis (principal component analysis). The ratios showed that the PAHs in soil have both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. Pyrogenic source is predominant. Petrogenic sources also have a significant contribution in the study area. Principal component analysis has shown that both industrial and human activities are the cause of pollution. The first factor is in relation to burning (pyrogenic origin). This factor explained 76.72% of total variance. The second factor is petrogenic, with 7.81% of total variance. PAHs in research area is a result of in general anthropogenic factors.

The concentrations and composition of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in soils in an industrial zone. Total PCB concentrations (∑PCB congeners: PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) varied in range from 0.26 to 6722 mg/kg in soil, with a median of 31.80 mg/kg. These values indicated that the soil is highly polluted. PCB in the subjected area was the result of anthropogenic activities. The principal component analysis showed that the commercial PCB products (PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) are the main cause of pollution (PC1 factor), with 79.38% of total variance. The PC2 factor is in relation with the combustion (residential heating and fire in location), with 17.65% of total variance (lighter chlorinated congeners PCB52 and PCB28). Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the PCB congeners in the similar group might have similar sources, which was also confirmed by PCA.

Concentrations of dangerous and harmful substances (PCB, TPH and heavy metals) were determined in soils in an industrial zone near the center of Banja Luka and the Vrbas River. PCB, TPH and heavy metals were found in the analysis location as a result of general anthropogenic factors. Contaminated soils have a negative impact on human health and the environment. The mean concentrations of Pb, TPH, Cu, PCB, Ni, Cd and Hg were 4874, 4105, 545.7, 282.1, 225.7, 12.15 and 5.896 mg/kg, respectively. Results show that concentrations were very high for all analyzed parameters, and these values indicated that the soil was highly polluted. Principal component analysis has shown that industrial factors and human activities are the cause of pollution. At the location it is necessary to determine the origin of pollution and recultivation and remediation activity of planned activity.

As the representative of the Dutch Embassy in Washington, D.C., told our Martindale group about the pull for cheap labor from within the Netherlands and the push for a better life among people from the Middle East, I wondered about the consequences of these forces. Is it possible that this push and pull could truly result in a mutually beneficial relationship between Dutch society and immigrants from the Middle East? Or is it more likely that these two forces are incompatible and thus have engendered a division between Dutch society and the immigrants? Investigating the answers to these questions has led me to the conclusion that the immigration and integration issues which the Netherlands faces today partly stem from the tension caused by a desire for cheap labor along with the apparent rejection of non-Dutch culture by many elements of Dutch society. The Netherlands, long perceived as an open and welcoming society and therefore the country least expected to face immigration problems, has recently found itself at the center of the fiercely debated topic of immigration. At the heart of the problem lies the motivation of government policies regarding immigration and integration. I argue here that the concept of multiculturalism, which arose in government immigration and integration policy during the 1980s, was a more acceptable term for the less acceptable idea of distancing the host population from immigrants who arrived in the Netherlands as a result of 1970s’ labor recruitment programs. In the context of Dutch immigration and integration policy, multiculturalism can be defined as an ideology in which cultural differences of minorities are recognized and respected by the host nation. The concept, however, became a tool with which the government developed immigration and inte-