Background/Aim: Clinical research nursing is a well-known concept in Europe and other countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards clinical research and their opinions and self-evaluation about clinical research nursing and factors affecting them. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska (UCCRS). A questionnaire included 50 questions/ statements was created in order to address the aims of the research and afterwards distributed to 120 nurses from 6 departments. Results: Response rate was 91.6 %. Most of the respondents showed a low level of knowledge, but positive attitude related to clinical research. Nurses who participated in clinical research were confident in their competencies according to their self-evaluation. Conclusion: Systematic approach to the additional nurses education could have a significant impact on a success of clinical research.

Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking among the youth population has increased significantly in developing countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, no extant literature assesses the prevalence of tobacco use, nor identifies factors associated with smoking. This study determined the prevalence of cigarette smoking among a specific cohort of students and assessed factors related to tobacco use in this population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1200 students at all faculties of Banja Luka University. Data were collected from questionnaires adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and the Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) standardized questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s χ2 test, and logistic regression. Results: When the prevalence of cigarette smoking within the last thirty days was recorded, we found that 34.1% of students smoked within this period. Nearly three-quarters (74.9%) of the student population had smoked or experimented with cigarette smoking. However, medical students were 27.2% less likely to smoke than their counterparts from other faculties. Overall, 87% of all students were aware of the harmful effects of cigarette smoking, 79% were aware of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke, and 65% reported that it was difficult to quit. Increased spending of personal money was associated with a higher probability of smoking, while exposure to secondhand smoke increased the odds of smoking by 62%. Conclusion: Policies, strategies, and action plans should be introduced in order to reduce the prevalence of smoking among university students and to create a smoke-free environment at the various universities involved.