Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin and essential for collagen, carnitine and neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Naproxen sodium is propionic acid derivative and anti-inflammatory non-steroid agent. The aim of the study was to assess genotoxicity of selected medicaments and their possible effects on genetic material using Allium bioassay. The treatment of onion bulbs with fresh solutions of Naproxen Sodium (Nalgesin S®) and Vitamin C was performed using selected concentrations (550, 825 µg/ml and 250, 500, 1000 µg/ml respectively) in 72 hours time period. Control group was also set up.The microscopic parameters (mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations) of Allium root tips as well as the frequency of aberrant mitotic phases were analyzed. Both medicaments (vitamin C and Naproxen Sodium) caused increased frequency of abnormal mitosis when compared to control group.

A non-renewable fuel like petroleum has been used from centuries and its usage has kept on increasing day by day. This also contributes to increased production of greenhouse gases contributing towards global issues like global warming. In order to meet environmental and economic sustainability, renewable, carbon neutral transport fuels are necessary. To meet these demands microalgae are one of the key sources for the production of biodiesel. These green microalgae synthesise lipids by using sunlight like plants do but in a much more efficient manner. Biodiesel provides more environmental benefits, and being a renewable resource it has gained lot of attraction. However, the main obstacle for commercialization of biodiesel is its cost and feasibility. Biodiesel is usually used by blending with petro diesel, but it can also be used in pure form. Biodiesel is a sustainable fuel, as it is available throughout the year and can run any engine. It will satisfy the needs of the future generation to come. It will meet the demands of the future generation to come.

Plants are sessile organisms and are not able to move away from adverse environmental conditions and must response to an array of environmental and developmental cues. They heavily rely on high sensitivity detection and adaptation mechanisms to environmental perturbations. Signal transduction, the means whereby cells construct response to a signal, is a recently defined focus of research in plant biology. Over the past decade our understanding of plant signaling pathways has increased greatly, in part due to the use of molecular genetics and biochemical tools in model plants for example Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula. This has assisted us in the identification of components of many signal transduction pathways in diverse physiological systems for example hormonal, developmental and environmental signal transduction pathways and cross-talk between them. During the last 15 years the number of known plant hormones has grown from five to at least ten. Furthermore, many of the proteins involved in plant hormone signaling pathways have been identified, including receptors for many of the major hormones. In addition, recent studies confirm that hormone signaling is integrated at several levels during plant growth and development. In this review paper we have covered recent work in signaling pathway in plants especially how plants sense biotic and abiotic stresses and the potential mechanisms by which different chemical molecules and their downstream signaling components modulates stress tolerance.