Paper monitors seasonal dynamics of heavy metals bioaccumulation (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb) of emerged plant Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. on two localities (Necik and Sinjak) in the area of Bardača fishpond (BiH-Republic of Srpska). Dynamics of heavy metals bioaccumulation varied depending on sampling period, locality and plant organ. Concentration, transfer (transport) and accumulation of metals from sediment to rhizome above ground plant part was evaluated based on biological concentration factor (BCF), translocation ability (TA) and bioaccumulation factor (BAC). The highest average BCF value in researched species was determined for Fe (0.87) and the lowest for Zn (0.18). Bioaccumulation coefficient was the highest for Mn (0.82) and the lowest for Fe (0.20) whereas TA was the highest for Zn (2.28) and Mn (2.70). For Fe, it was significantly lower (0.24). Based on values for BCF, TA and BAC, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. could be identified as accumulator for Mn and indicator for metals Fe, Zn and Cu and it has good potential for application in phytoremediation techniques, especially in phytostabilization and phytoextraction of polluted land. Considering the fact that higher degree of bioaccumulation was recorded in the period at the end of season, we could take this period as a signal for their removal from water ecosystems.

Atmospheric pollutants have a negative effect on the plants; they can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly by changing soil pH followed by solubilization of toxic salts of metals. Large number of studies have investigated the possible effects of ambient air pollution on  vegetation and air pollution in stomata number and size and stomatal apparatus. The primary aim of this study was to impact air pollution from the aspect of presence SO2, NOX, CO2, O3 and PM10 on vegetation in the city of Banja Luka and stomatal response to air pollution, through a review of existing research.

Urban forests are part of the public city space and have multiple significance. Various roles of greenery (health, social, aesthetic, cultural, educational, etc.) improve the quality of life in the city. Urban forests can play key roles in mitigate stormwater runoff, improve air quality, reduces noise level, store carbon, etc. The system of green areas in a continuous and dynamic interaction with the built structure in a city. Because of the above, subject of the research is determining the state of greenery in the Banja Luka area and the changes that accompany it and to suggest the planning of green areas and protect them.

Summary. Comparative analysis regarding micro-anatomic stomatal apparatus parameters of small-leaved linden ( Tilia cordata Mill.) and birch ( Betula pendula L.) from the wider area of Banja Luka (entity of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the course of two seasons was performed in this study. Sampling of selected plant species was made on trees which were located next to the road (city centre) and on trees located in the suburban forest estate of "Velika Gozna", near the city. One of the objectives of this study was to examine the impact of particular air pollutants on stomatal apparatus characteristics (stomata number, size of stomatal apparatus and pore). The obtained results indicate significant differences in the stomatal apparatus characteristics between Tilia cordata (Mill.) and Betula pendula (Roth.) as well as with respect to the origin of the examined material. Changes in stomata number and stomatal apparatus size in the examined species can serve as an indicator of their resistance to air pollution in urban areas.

The key question in this paper refers to the geographical space as percieved through related and interdependent elements of nature and anthropogenic environment. In addition, the paper addresses the theoretical and methodological approaches of geography to the geographical space, which is its subject matter defined as a strategic resource and initial factor of development processes at different levels of geospatial organization ranging from local to global one.