To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus )

Abstract The Balkan Peninsula and the Dinaric Mountains possess extraordinary biodiversity and support one of the largest and most diverse wolf (Canis lupus) populations in Europe. Results obtained with diverse genetic markers show west‐east substructure, also seen in various other species, despite the absence of obvious barriers to movement. However, the spatial extent of the genetic clusters remains unresolved, and our aim was to combine fine‐scale sampling with population and spatial genetic analyses to improve resolution of wolf genetic clusters. We analyzed 16 autosomal microsatellites from 255 wolves sampled in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), and Serbia and documented three genetic clusters. These comprised (1) Slovenia and the regions of Gorski kotar and Lika in Croatia, (2) the region of Dalmatia in southern Croatia and BIH, and (3) Serbia. When we mapped the clusters geographically, we observed west‐east genetic structure across the study area, together with some specific structure in BIH–Dalmatia. We observed that cluster 1 had a smaller effective population size, consistent with earlier reports of population recovery since the 1980s. Our results provide foundation for future genomic studies that would further resolve the observed west‐east population structure and its evolutionary history in wolves and other taxa in the region and identify focal areas for habitat conservation. They also have immediate importance for conservation planning for the wolves in one of the most important parts of the species’ European range.

Abstract To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), we analyzed mtDNA control region (610 bp) of 1469 samples of roe deer from Central and Eastern Europe and included into the analyses additional 1541 mtDNA sequences from GenBank from other regions of the continent. We detected two mtDNA lineages of the species: European and Siberian (an introgression of C. pygargus mtDNA into C. capreolus). The Siberian lineage was most frequent in the eastern part of the continent and declined toward Central Europe. The European lineage contained three clades (Central, Eastern, and Western) composed of several haplogroups, many of which were separated in space. The Western clade appeared to have a discontinuous range from Portugal to Russia. Most of the haplogroups in the Central and the Eastern clades were under expansion during the Weichselian glacial period before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while the expansion time of the Western clade overlapped with the Eemian interglacial. The high genetic diversity of extant roe deer is the result of their survival during the LGM probably in a large, contiguous range spanning from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus Mts and in two northern refugia.

Previous analysis of mtDNA control region (CR) sequence variability for grey wolf population from BosniaH He=0.76), similar to other populations belonging to the grey wolf Dinaric-Balkan population. STRUCTURE analysis showed differentiation into two genetic clusters. These results are important for future management plans and estimation of the conservation units.

The species of genera Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor and Hyalomma present the diversity of Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Omeragic 2011). For the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was reported three species of the genus Haemaphysalis: H. punctata, H. cholodkovskyi and H. inermis (Cankovic & Rozman 1980; Zuko 2013). However, the name H. cholodkovskyi (as H. cholodkowski in Cankovic & Rozman 1980 and H. cholodkowskyi /H. cholodokowskyi in Zuko 2013) has disappeared from modern taxonomic literature and has been considered as a synonym of H. sulcata (Guglielmone et al. 2014).

Taking into account the poor and contradictory data on the effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields on both human and animal pancreas, especially its endocrine part, this paper aims to test the animal model for morphological features of pancreas beta cells under the impact of a high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) featuring 1.9 GHz,4.79 V/m, 0.24 A/m and 2.0 W/m2, for a 30-day period. The experimental animal group consisted of Wistar rats and the pancreas tissue of both control and radiated animals under went a series of standard and immunohistochemical coloring as a preparation for stereological analysis. In our radiated group, HF EMF caused an increase in the number, volume density, and nucleocytoplasmic ratio and a decrease in beta cell surface in comparison with the control animal group, all of which indicated enhanced activity. Briefly summarizing the results of this paper, we may infer that the experimental animals subjected to HF EMF suffered morphological and morphometric changes in the beta cells. As insulin, the hormone beta cells excrete, decreases glucose levels, these resultsindicate a potential diabetogenic action of HF EMF in rats. Key words: endocrine pancreas, immunohistochemistry, volume density

An investigation was conducted on the sample of primary school students in urban area with the aim of analyzing the anthropometric parameters between boys and girls entering 1st-9th grade. The main objective is to determine the frequency and causes of obesity in the population of school children with the intention of preventing the risks of developing the 'modern man' diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, the development of metabolic syndromes, coronary heart disease, etc). The basic anthropometric parameters were measured: body weight and height, chest, waist and hips circumference, and from the obtained values the following were calculated: body mass index, ratio of waist circumference to body height and ratio of waist circumference to hips circumference. The comparison of the results according to age and sex of the pupils is expected to give the values that might answer some questions, such as: the degree of development and nutritional status of schoolchildren according to age and sex in relation to the environment in which they live, the annual increment of the measured parameters value, the differences between age and gender groups. Results were compared with parameters of growth and development of the children of same age in rural areas based on earlier research. The goal of the study is to confirm or reject the existence of a linear regression in correlation to some anthropometric parameters in relation to sex and age of the pupils from urban and rural areas, by means of the allometric method.