Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the common name for periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhage. We analyzed patients diagnosed as ICH in period January 2001 till May 2002. In 29/323 (8.9%) pts was verified ICH, 16/29 (55.1%) were male sex. Birth weight under 1000 grams had 6/29 (20.6%), birth weight 1000-1499 grams was 10/29 (34.4%), than 1500 to 2499 grams 8/29 (27.5%) and over 2500 grams 5/29 (17.2%). APGAR score were under 7 in 20/29 (68.9%), and four of tham 4/20 (20%) had severe and 16/20 (80%) pts had modest and mild forms of perinatal asphyxia. According to Papile classification of ICH, we found: I degree ICH had 12.29 (41.3%) pts, II degree 8/29 (27.5%) pts, while severe forms III and IV degree of of ICH had 9/29 (31.2%) pts. In 3/29 (10.4%) pts, posthemoragic hydrocephalus were registrated. Risk-factors for development of ICH were low birth weight, small gestational age and perinatal asphyxia.

The high-frequency ventilation (HFV) has been in use in the World since early 70s, on patient (RDS, MPH, PPHN, etc.) who did not respond well as it was expected, on conventional mechanical ventilation (IPPV/IMV). At our Clinic we started to use this type of ventilation two months ago, and throw this work it was presented our first experience. In case report was showed massive pulmonary hemorrhage (MPH) in premature newborn 30 GW, where we applied HFV. Immediately after the bird conventional mechanical ventilation has been applied with positive pressure (IPPV) and surfactant has been given because RDS. After the MPH appeared we successfully applied HFV.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is not rare in hospitalized children, especially in newborns and infants. Sudden disorganization of a glomerular and tubular function is the most often transitory and require a quick make of diagnosis and early therapy in order to obtain a adequate kidney function recovery and to reduce mortality. In this article 51 children with ARF were included from newborn period to 16 years of age (25 female: 26 male). We described the most often causes of ARF, diagnosis procedures and nondialytic treatments. The diagnosis was made by history, physical examination, laboratory and radiology findings. Causes of ARF were divided on prerenal, renal and postrenal. The treatment of ARF in all cases was conservative with good success in 45 patients and in 6 children followed death because of the nature of primary diseases. The results of study show that the accent is on the prevention, early diagnosis and early therapy of diseases which lead to ARF. We conclude that a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach is imperative for successful management of ARF.