With steady improvement in grafts survival due to improved efficacy of immunosuppressant protocols, refinement in surgical technique and the establishment of national system for coordination of organ distribution (United Network for Organ Sharing), organ transplantation is increasingly the preferred treatment option for patients with end-stage-renal-liver-pancreas diseases. Organ availability remains a major rate limiting factor. As the number of grafts lost due to rejection, infection and poor surgical technique has decreased, the relative clinical importance of graft loss due to vascular complications has been increasing. Real time ultrasound with power, color and duplex Doppler provides accurate, high resolution images of vascular morphology and (likely) function in organ grafts. In addition, serial exams can be performed without the risks associated with repeated use of intravenous contrast or exposure to ionizing radiation.

AIM Aim of the research was to analyze clinical characteristics and most important risk factors of uremic pruritus. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 151 patients on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) during at least 12 months were analyzed. Thorough history was taken for pruritus, its presence and localization, sleep disorder and neuropathic symptoms. On physical examination, attention was focused on the skin. Laboratory tests includes blood cells count, serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and proteins. The dose of dialysis was followed by Kt/V. On statistical analysis, t-test and chi2 test were used. RESULTS Pruritus was present in 85 (56%) patients, 41 women and 44 men, mean age 53.56+/-13.36 (26-81) years, mean time on CHD 78.36+/-55.02 (12-268) months. There were 66 (44%) patients without pruritus, 32 women and 34 men, mean age 50.35+/-13.76 (22-73) years, on CHD for 58.64+/-50.40 (12-187) months. Although the patients with pruritus were somewhat older and longer on CHD, there was no significant difference either in sex structure or distribution according to primary renal disease. In the group with pruritus there were significantly more anuric patients (43 vs. 22) (p<0.01). The patients with pruritus had a higher rate of sleep disorder (NS), calcium deposits in soft tissues and blood vessels (NS) and clinical neuropathy (p<0.01). Skin changes were found in almost all patients with pruritus (93%), which differed significantly from the patients without pruritus (48%) (p<0.005). The mean value of Kt/V was 1.23+/-0.35 in patients with pruritus, and 1.34+/-0.41 in those without pruritus (NS). Kt/V higher than 1.4 was significantly less frequently recorded in patients with pruritus than in those without pruritus (55%) (p<0.005). The red cell and white cells count, serum hemoglobin, calcium, phosphorus and their products, aminotransferases, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and proteins were approximately the same in both groups of patients. CONCLUSION The loss of residual renal diuresis, Kt/V below 1.4, presence of calcium deposits and neuropathy were the most common risk factors for the extent of uremic pruritus in our CHD patients.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyse outcome of new ESRD patients on haemodialysis. METHODS We analysed nember, demographic data, renal disease and mortality of new ESRD patients on haemodialysis (HD) in 16-months period. RESULTS We dialysed for the first time 74 patents with ESRD, 37 female (50%) and 37 male, average age 55.55 +/- 13.57 yrs. There were 3 patients younger than 30 yrs, 51 between 31-65 and 20 were older than 65 yrs. 29.73% of these patients were from Tuzla. Distribution of patients according to primary renal disease was: glomerulonephritis 20.77%, pyelonephrtis 14.86%, diabetes mellitus 13.86%, 29.74% others and 20.77% unknown. 11 patents (14.86%) were on HD less than 10 days, 11 patents (14.86%) were on HD less than 3 months, 35 patients (47.30%) were on HD less than 12 months, and 17 patients (22.98%) were on HD more than 12 months. 46 patients (62.16%) are still on HD, 18 (24.32%) died, 3 (4.05%) temporary stopped with HD treatments, 3 transplanted, for 3 there are no data, and 1 patient (1.35%) transferred in other center. Causes of death were as follows: unknown in 5 (27.78%), gynaecology carcinoma in 3 (16.67%), sepsis in 3 (16.67%), cardiovascular disease in (11.11%), cerebrovascular accident in 2 (11.11%), and others in 3 (4.05%) patients. In the group of died patients were 13 women (72.22%) and 5 men, average age 56.94? 13.09 yrs (28-61). CONCLUSION Leading primary renal diseases was glomerulonephitis, pyelonephritis and diabetes. Significant percent of new ESRD patients on HD die very early, and 77% of the patients live on HD less tan 12 months.

INTRODUCTION Renal transplantation has become the procedure of choice and the most cost-effective strategy for the management of patients with end stage renal disease. Posttransplant period is very important because possible complications, which have to be detected and treated according to approve statements. The aim this paper with is to show all characteristics of early postransplant period in patients operated at the Clinical Center of Tuzla. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen patients with end stage renal diseases has been analyzed with average age 32 + 8.6 years. Glomerulonephritis as primary kidney diseases has been found in 16 patients, lupus nephritis and reflux nephropathy in one patient. We paid attention on: creatinine level, urine output and balance, level of cyclosporin, body weight, ultrasound fallow-up, number episodes of acute rejection and number of additional dialysis. Clinical and labs sign of acute rejection have been found in 6 patients. Two of them recidive pulse dose of corticosteroides and four ATG. Additional haemodialysis has been performed in 5 patients. One patient died because of the rupture aneurism of aorta. Other 17 patients have been discharged after average hospitalisation of 20.87 8.18 days. CONCLUSION We can say it's very important to recognise the sings of acute rejection and to start with therapy. In patients with cardiovascular risk, postoperative period has to be guided careful.