INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus, the most frequent endocrinology disease is a predisposing factor for infections. Diabetic patients have 4,4 times greater risk of systemic infection than non diabetics. AIM a) To determine the prevalence and characteristics of acute infectious diseases in hospitalized diabetics; b) To correlate values of blood glucose levels and HbA1c with acute infections in hospitalized diabetics; c) To identify the etiology of infectious diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 450 diabetic patients hospitalized in the 24-month period in the Intensive care unit of the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders CCUS. In 204 patients (45,3%) there was an acute infectious condition and the following data was registered: a) gender and age; b) basic illness; c) laboratory parameters of inflammation (Le, CRP); d) blood glucose upon admission, parameters ofglucoregulation (HbA1c, fructosamine); e) type of infection; f) verification of etiological agent; g) late complications of diabetes; and h) outcome. RESULTS Out of 204 diabetic patients with infection, there was 35,3% men and 64,7% women. More than half of patients (61%) were in the age group 61-80 years. The most common primary disease was Diabetes mellitus type 2. HbA1c and fructosamine were significantly increased in diabetic patients with acute infection compared to diabetics without acute infection. There is a positive correlation between HbA1c levels and CRP, and blood glucose and CRP in diabetic patients with acute infection. Most frequent infections: urinary tract infection (70,0%), followed by respiratory infections (11,8%), soft tissue infections (10,3%), generalized-bacteremia / sepsis (6,9%). The most common cause of urinary infection and generalized infection was Escherichia colli. The most common bacteria causing soft tissue infections was Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION Almost half (45,3%) of hospitalized diabetic patients had acute infectious condition. They present most frequently in women, aged 61-80 years, with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. HbA1c and fructosamine were significantly increased in diabetic patients with acute infection. There is a positive correlation between the parameters of inflammation and glucoregulation in diabetics with acute infection. Most frequent was a urinary tract infection and the most common causative agent was Escherichia coli. The most common cause of soft tissue infections was Staphylococcus aureus. Out of 21 patients with verified soft tissue infections, 18 of them (85,7%) had confirmed diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathy diabetica. A total of 96,1% of patients fully recovered.

INTRODUCTION The accumulation of macrophages what happens in atherosclerotic process is associated with increased concentration of fibrinogen and CRP (C-reactive protein), and these two markers of inflammation are considered early signs of atherosclerosis. AIM The aim of the study was to compare levels of inflammatory markers (CRP and fibrinogen) and HbAlc as a parameter of quarterly blood glucose control in patients with both diabetes mellitus type 1 and hypothyroidism who have ischemic heart disease with the patients with same autoimmune diseases, but without ischemic heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study included 30 patients who were all diagnosed with both hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus type 1. Patients were divided into two groups according to the persistence of ischemic hearth disease. The first group (I) included patients with previously diagnosed ischemic heart disease (N = 12), and second group( II) was without ischemic heart disease (N = 18). CRP, fibrinogen and HbA1c as a parameter of quarterly glycemic control were measured in all patients. RESULTS CRP level in group I was higher than in group II, and the difference between groups is statistically significant (t = -4125, p = 0.0001). Fibrinogen level was also significantly higher in first group (t = -4.7; p = 0.0001). Both, CRP and fibrinogen levels were in two groups above the upper reference values. The average value of HbAlc as a parameter of quarterly glycemic control in both groups showed bad controlled diabetes mellitus, 8.77% (+/- 1.89) vs. 8.16% (+/- 1.71), but among the groups there were not statistically significant differences (t = -0.921 p = 0.365). CONCLUSION Patients with both type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism who have ischemic heart disease had significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers: CRP and fibrinogen, than patients with the same diseases who did not have coronary heart disease, while HbAlc as a parameter of quarterly blood glucose control did not differ between groups, but in both groups showed values that corresponded to poor disease control. While future medical research has not reached full answers to the atherosclerotic process, seems reasonable therapeutic affect all identified biochemical markers associated with this process. Key

INTRODUCTION Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and metabolic disorders including: dyslipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance in women with PCOS is significantly higher compared to the general population. Lipid accumulation product is a new, cheap and easily available predictor for metabolic syndrome both in general population and in women with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 50 patients at the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. All patients were diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam ESHRE criteria and were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI). A prospective study established the following parameters: anthropometric measurements (waist circumference, height, weight), BMI, and serum triglycerides and insulin resistance. LAP was calculated using the formula: LAP (women) = [waist circumference (cm)-58] x [triglycerides (mmol/L)]. RESULTS Waist circumference in women with BMI < or = 24.9 kg/m2 was 31 cm lower than waist circumference in women with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Mean triglyceride value of the patients in group BMI < or = 24.9 kg/m2 was 1.15 mmol/l lower than the mean value of triglycerides in women with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Insulin resistance was present in 66.7% in group with BMI < or = 24.9 kg/m2, and in 75.0% in the group with BMI > 25.0 kg/m2. LAP was shown to be a marker for the differentiation of insulin-resistant and nonresistant patients with a cut-off value of 17.91. CONCLUSION Patients with PCOS and BMI < or = 24.9 kg/m2 were significantly different from those with BMI > 25 kg/m2 in the values of body weight, waist circumference and triglycerides. There was no statistically significant difference in insulin resistance. LAP values were higher in patients in the group with BMI > 25 kg/m2. LAP was a marker for differentiation of insulin--resistant and non-resistant women with PCOS.