Received: 17.12.2017 Accepted: 25.01.2018 Department of 1Otorhinolaryngology, 2Chest Disease, 3Surgery, 4Radiology, 5Clinic for Microbiology, Tuzla University Clinical Center, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 6Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation. University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina Yazışma adresi: Sekib Umihanic, ENT Clinic. UCC Tuzla. Bosnia and Herzegovina e-mail: sekib.umihanic@gmail.com INTRODUCTION

There are different kinds of foreign bodies that people aspirate. It depends on diet and the customs of the community. Almost the largest percent of accidental deaths in children under the age of 5 goes consists of Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA)1. However, a number of adults live with FBA, and foreign body can remain undetected for a long period of time2. A spoon in the bronchus has rarely been described as a FB, and never as a weapon of suicide so far. As an FB, spoon is always taken through oral route, and located in different parts of the digestive tract. When a large foreign body is aspirated, the result can be acute respiratory distress and, sometimes, even death. Also, foreign body aspiration can mimic other illnesses, causing some difficulties in diagnosis, e.g. astma3. The mortality can be reduced if a foreign body is diagnosed and removed early. Otherwise, the complications are serious and sometimes fatal4.

AIM To determine the efficiency and safety of talc pleurodesis in treating the malignant pleural effusion and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. METHODS The study included 54 patients with malignant pleural effusion and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, who underwent talc pleurodesis using the "talc slurry" method of pleural talc obliteration. RESULTS Pleurodesis was successful in 52 (96%) patients. The average duration of thoracic drainage was 4.4 days. Procedure complications included higher body temperature, pneumonia and pleural effusion separation. All of the patients had satisfying radiological findings at the point of discharge and three months later. There was no death outcome related to the procedure of pleurodesis itself. CONCLUSION Our study has proved the efficiency and simplicity of talc pleurodesis in treating symptomatic malignant pleural effusions and cases with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax.Appropriate patient selection and compliance with surgical principles during the procedure make this method safe, efficient and successful in treating pleuropulmonal diseases. Large particle talc should be used for pleurodesis because of the minimum risk of complications.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung cancer is most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is disease with very low 5-year relative survival rate. For patients with non-small cell lung cancer, roles of current treatments are to prolong survival time and to improve quality of life. Aim: The aim of the work was to compare values of Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) before application of the chemotherapy medication with response to chemotherapy and toxic side effects associated with chemotherapy in patients treated with cisplatin-etopozid (PE) and cisplatin-gemcitabin (PG) in stages IIIb and IV of NSCLC. Testing role of Glasgow Prognostic Score as a possible predictor of response to therapy and toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic protocol was another aim of this work. Patients and methods: This prospective study included 60 patients in stages IIIb or IV of NSCLC, with ECOG ≤ 2. The patients were divided in two groups. First group contained 30 patients treated with chemotherapeutic protocol using cisplatin-etopozid (PE), and the same number of patients in the second group were treated with cisplatin-gemcitabin (PG). Results: Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) evaluation before the chemotherapy inclusion showed values of 1 (43.30:53.30), then 2 (40.00:36.70) and the lowest 0 (16.70:10.00) which supports the pathological values of GPS in developed lung cancer, i.e. most patients had pathological GPS value in both protocols (83.30:90.00). Monitoring of toxic side effects and response to chemotherapy was done after each cycle of treatment. Discussion: Results of this study revealed importance of GPS in selection of patients for treatment with chemotherapy. Patients with lower values of GPS treated using PE chemotherapeutic protocol had weaker response to therapy. Conclusion: Coefficient of correlation for therapy response in both chemotherapeutic protocol, compared with values of GPS before treatment, were not statistically significant, therefore GPS cannot be considered as a predictor of therapeutic on chemotherapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical data and patterns of mediastinal lymph node metastasis (pN2) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients who underwent systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection (SMLND). We retrospectively studied 140 consecutive patients [125 male and 15 female, mean ages 54.61 +/- 9.23 years (range, 21-75)], underwent SMLND and major lung resections due to non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), from January 2005 till December 2009. Preoperative clinical staging for mediastinal lymph node metastasis was negative (cN0) in all patients. SMLND was defined as a complete removal of mediastinal lymph nodes. Clinicalpathological data were compared according to the pN stage. Lymph node metastasis to the mediastinum was confirmed in 13 (9.28%) patients. In squamous cell cancer pN2 were in 8 (5.71%) cases out of 82 cases with cN0. On the other side in the adenocarcinomas pN2 were in 5 (3.57%) cases out of 48 with cN0. Unvaried analysis revealed central tumor site as predictive factor for mediastinal lymph node involvement. The upper mediastinal compartment was infiltrated in 12 (8.57%) cases, middle in 8 (5.71%) and lower in 3 (2.14%) cases. Pneumonectomy was the most performed surgical procedure in pN2 patients. We concluded that SMLND improves pTNM staging in lung cancer patients who underwent major lung resections with central location of the tumour.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a benign disease frequently found in younger and healthy-looking persons. It requires a surgical treatment in about 30-40% of cases. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been recently introduced as a reliable alternative method to the classic thoracotomy. The aim of this paper is to establish and compare the length of surgical procedure, pain intensity, number and kind of postsurgical complications during the procedure for the patients with PNTX treated by VATS in relation to the patients with PNTX treated by thoracotomy. This is a retrospective study. The patients are divided into two groups: the first group of 50 patients treated with VATS and the second group of 50 patients treated with thoracotomy. The results obtained show a significantly shorter surgery duration in the group of the patients treated with VATS in relation to the group of patients treated by thoracotomy (p < 0.01). Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is characterized by a significantly low intensity of postsurgical pain in relation to thoracotomy (p < 0.001). The number and kind of postsurgical complications are similar in both target groups (p > 0.05). Only one relapse occurred in the VATS group. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery improves patients' life quality in relation to the thoracotomy patients. The patients return to work, or to sport activities after a very short time because of minimal sequels. That is why this method represents an obvious socio-economic interest. Today, in the era of a great video-development, VATS method is a treatment of choice for PSP.