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G. Valatin, J. Abildtrup, C. Accastello, A. Al-Tawaha, M. Andreucci, S. Atanasova, M. Avdibegović, Nikolina Bakšić et al.

The EU Water Framework Directive aims to ensure restoration of Europe’s water bodies to “good ecological status” by 2027. Many Member States will struggle to meet this target, with around half of EU river catchments currently reporting below standard water quality. Diffuse pollution from agriculture represents a major pressure, affecting over 90% of river basins. Accumulating evidence shows that recent improvements to agricultural practices are benefiting water quality but in many cases will be insufficient to achieve WFD objectives. There is growing support for land use change to help bridge the gap, with a particular focus on targeted tree planting to intercept and reduce the delivery of diffuse pollutants to water. This form of integrated catchment management offers multiple benefits to society but a significant cost to landowners and managers. New economic instruments, in combination with spatial targeting, need to be developed to ensure cost effective solutions – including tree planting for water benefits - are realised. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are flexible, incentive-based mechanisms that could play an important role in promoting land use change to deliver water quality targets. The PESFOR-W COST Action will consolidate learning from existing woodlands for water PES schemes in Europe and help standardize approaches to evaluating the environmental effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of woodland measures. It will also create a European network through which PES schemes can be facilitated, extended and improved, for example by incorporating other ecosystem services linking with aims of the wider forests-carbon policy nexus.

Stara Kalliopi, J. Bonet, J. Wong, M. Avdibegović, J. Barstad, L. Bouriaud, D. Chira, Bryan Dickinson et al.

S. Malovrh, P. Kumer, Predrag Glavonjić, Dragan Nonic, J. Nedeljković, B. Kisin, M. Avdibegović

The importance of renewable energy resources has increased over the last decades due to the European Union renewable energy policy and particularly its climate change mitigation objectives. There is a need to mobilize additional wood resources from private forests in order to meet ambitious renewable energy targets and the demand for wood. Due to the conditions prevailing in privately owned forests in Slovenia and Serbia characterized by a large number of still disorganized private forest owners with fragmented and small-scaled forest properties, wood mobilization strongly depends on owners’ organization and cooperation. The purpose of this study is to determine the possibilities for wood mobilization from private forest properties in Serbia and Slovenia, and propose organizational models on this basis and experience from the selected case countries. Surveys were conducted in Slovenia (n=622) and Serbia (n=248) on random samples of private forest owners. Analysis of wood mobilization potentials in Serbia and Slovenia showed that the harvesting intensity in private forests is below the potentials, therefore the preconditions to increase the level of wood mobilization exist. The main obstacles to the increase in the current level of wood mobilization in Serbia are biodiversity and the protective forest function, as well as high acquisition costs, also stated as the main obstacle in Slovenia. Moreover, it appeared that the majority of private forest owners in both countries believe that better logistics and infrastructure and interest association of private forest owners are potential solutions leading to an increase in the level of mobilization. Four models of private forest owner organization are proposed and they take into account the characteristics and attitudes of owners as well as activities in supply chain, including timber sales arrangement, construction and maintenance of forest roads, harvesting, measurement and quality assessment of timber, transportation, invoicing and payments.

A. Hălălișan, F. Ioraș, H. Korjus, M. Avdibegović, Bruno Marić, Spela PEZDVESEK MALOVRH, I. V. Abrudan

The purpose of this study was to assess the most frequent non-conformities identified in different European countries in the processes of forest management certification according to FSC standards. A total of 31 active certificates from five countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Romania, Slovenia and the United Kingdom) were analysed, including all active certificates (as of 1st of June 2014) from three countries along with a sample of 13 FSC certificates issued in the UK and one certificate covering 95% of the certified forest area in Slovenia. 253 non-conformities in relation to FSC standard requirements were identified as formulated by the audit teams and the most frequently identified non-conformities in the certification process were those related to Principle 6 - Environmental impact (34%), Principle 4 - Community relations and worker’s rights (17%) and Principle 8 - Monitoring and Assessment (13%). A slight positive correlation was noticed between the FSC certified area and the total number of non-conformities, with a closer link in the case of Principle 9 - Maintenance of high conservation value forests, and Principle 4. The non-conformities related to Principles 4, 6 and 9 appeared to be significantly influenced in occurrence by country development; less often in the UK compared with the other four countries.

S. Delić, M. Avdibegović, Senka Mutabdžija-Bećirović, D. Bećirović, Bruno Marić, Amel Pašić

UDK: 630*9(497.6 Unsko-sanski kanton)“2003/2013“ Investments in forest sector represent an important issue that is regulated by legislation. Legislative framework that regulate forest sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been changing recently - from the Law on Forests of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002 – 2009), Forest Regulation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2009 – 2012) and finally cantonal Laws on Forests (2012 to date). Cantonal laws currently represent the only valid legislative documents that regulate forest sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper analyse the investments in the public forests at the territory of Una-Sana Canton, managed by forest management enterprises "Unsko-sanske šume", within the period 2003-2013 in dependence of the valid legislative frameworks. Having in mind the various regulations that prescribed the financing of the biological investments, scope and structure of the performed activities together with the amount of invested funds have varied between particular periods. The biggest share in total investments to forest sector belongs to the silvicultural measures (66%) and forest road construction (17%). The analysis included the trend of realised biological investments and invested funds. It reveals the mutual incompatibility that causes the differences in unit costs of biological investments in various periods. This implies the need for creation and implementation of unique methodology for cost calculation respecting the basic principles of econometrics. Conducted analysis indicated that previous legislative frameworks did not prescribe appropriate financing model. One should bare in mind this fact during the prescription of new financing model in the ongoing proposal of new Law on Forests of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

M. Avdibegović, N. Petrovic, S. Posavec, S. Malovrh

UDK: 630*92(4) Social, economical and political changes in South-east European countries have led to significant shift from traditional pattern of forest policy to new, more complex paradigm when it comes to forestry and forest resources management. Among other things, this implies increasing of private forest owners’ heterogeneity which is reflected in changes of their expectations, objectives, attitudes and management practices. In this context, it is important to explore how private forest owners obtain information useful for forest management but also to analyze in which way their characteristics influence fulfilling of informational needs. The objective of this paper was to analyse sources of information that private forest owners are most likely to use, and to assess how owners’ characteristics, property conditions as well as management behaviour, affect it. Surveys were conducted in Bosnia-Herzegovina (n=350), Serbia (n=350), Croatia (n=350) and Slovenia (n=322) on random samples of private forest owners while the data were analysed by using logistic regression model. The paper examined five models of information providers: private forest owners associations (1), relatives (2), public forest administration (3), other owners (4) and public forest companies (5). Comparison between countries indicates the differences regarding to informational providers, caused mainly due to importance of private forests to their owners and different organizational structure of national forest sectors. Comparing to other countries, it seems that Slovenian private forest owners are more active in searching for information. Public forest administration is the most preferable provider of information in Slovenia while in Bosnia-Herzegovina these are public forest companies and public forest administration. In Serbia and Croatia the most common providers of information are public forest companies. Only Slovenian private forest owners use interest associations as the source of information. The traditional providers of information (other owners) are still important for private forest owners in Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina at least. The results of logistic regression models reveal that forest property size, fragmentation, harvesting activities as well as owners’ age influence the source of information that private forest owners are most likely to use. The model 3 (pubic forest administration) is statistically significant in Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, while in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina the model 5 (public forest company) is significant. None of the models is statistically significant for Croatia. Besides, the model 4 (other owners) was statistically significant in Slovenia.

UDK: 630*93:712.2(1-751.2)(497.6 Una) Protected areas have significant role in protection of biodiversity, social and cultural values followed by improvement of life standard of local population. As a country with economy in transition, Bosnia and Herzegovina is trying to follow globally increasing trends in nature protection. Yet, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the group of countries that have difficulties to meet European criteria for minimal percentage of protected areas. Although in the last two decades numerous initiatives for proclamation of protected areas have been launched, the percentage of protected areas is still far from the European average. Establishment of new protected areas is often followed with certain misunderstandings between interest groups, lack of participation, transparency and involvement of all interest groups. The concept of cross-sectoral cooperation imply interaction between different interest groups in specific area characterized by efforts, cooperation and responsibility in order to accomplish joint consensus about the improvement of management of natural resources. This paper is focusing on the concept of cross-sectoral cooperation through the analysis of its implementation in management of National park "Una", as the youngest proclaimed National park in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The attitudes of interest groups related to cross-sectoral cooperation will be discussed together with proposal of several activities for improvement of cross-sectoral cooperation in National park "Una". Results could be useful for key decision makers in nature protection sector and institutions responsible for management of protected areas to recognize importance of cross-sectoral cooperation and promote its implementation and everyday practice.

M. Avdibegović, S. Malovrh, L. Zadnik-Stirn, D. Hodges, D. Bećirović

s presented in the Proceedings reflect some actual issues in political and economical aspects of sustainable forest management but also encourage cross-disciplinary research in forestry and environmental sciences. Bruno Marić, Mersudin Avdibegović, Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, Lidija Zadnik-Stirn, Donald Hodges and Dženan Bećirović (Editors)

Dragan Nonic, M. Avdibegović, J. Nedeljković, N. Ranković, V. Marinescu, F. Ioraș

In Serbia, as in other European countries, small and medium enterprises are recognized as a pillar of economic development. At the same time, a clear need for support to those enterprises and entrepreneurship, both in urban and rural areas, is emphasized in national strategic documents. In forestry, small and medium enterprises are of special importance for sector development. However, in Serbia, there is a lack of knowledge about them, and particularly about small and medium enterprises whose business is based on non-wood forest products. Bearing in mind the importance of these enterprises for development of private forestry sector and rural areas, research aiming to determine their characteristics and types is needed. Door-to-door survey was conducted with 91 representatives of non-wood forest products based small and medium enterprises in Central Serbia. Results of cluster analysis showed there were three types of non-wood forest products based small and medium enterprises, in regard to their characteristics. The same number of types was distinguished, in regard to business activities. Results of this research can be used for further detailed study on types of forest-based small and medium enterprises and as a basis for formulation of support measures and, thus, improvement of the entrepreneurship in non-wood forest products sector in Serbia.

UDK: 630*93:630*68(497.6) Illegal logging and related trade represent one of the most important forest-related issues at international policy scene. In 2002, the European Union had initiated establishment of regional initiatives on preventing trade of illegally harvested wood, well known as FLEGT process. Other important segment of European Union efforts is adoption of legally-binding Regulation No. 995/2010 - EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) that prohibits import of illegally harvested wood and their products into EU. Bosnia-Herzegovina is country with economy in transition and with relatively slow progress toward EU integration process, while rising of awareness on need for prevention and combat with illegal activities and corruption represent one of the mayor challenges for its society. This paper analyse forestry professionals’ awareness of the EU Timber Regulation in the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina as precondition for planning further steps on improving human and institutional capacities in forest sector to prevent and combat with illegal activities. In order to conduct the analysis of forestry professionals’ awareness on EUTR, survey was conducted among currently employed forestry professionals in forest sector of the FB-H. Results revealed that employed forestry professionals in the FB-H have different level of awareness on EUTR. Therefore, creation and consistent implementation of informational forest policy instruments are needed in order to increase capacities of forestry professionals related to elements of EUTR implementation process. Efforts on prevention and combat with illegal activities in forest sector should involve implementation of mix of forest policy instruments directed toward harmonization of forest policy in the FB-H with EUTR requirements based on active participation of forestry professionals that are aware of EUTR implementation process and its potential influences on forest and wood-processing sectors of the FB-H.

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