The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms in Bosnian human population was analyzed by means of hypervariable segment I and II (HVSI and HVSII) sequencing and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of the mtDNA coding region. The results suggest that shaping the genetic structure of recent Bosnian population likely to be affected by the expansion from the European glacial refuges area at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), postglacial expansions from southwestern refuges of Europe, the Italian Peninsula and the dispersion in periods of more recent historical events, from the East European Plain. Especially interesting feature of the Neolithic expansion in this area is the ancient African/South Asian haplogroup N1a with the HVSI variant 16147G, which is almost absent in Europe. The haplotyps HVSI with variant 16147G suggest the colonization of the Northeast Bosnia region by Neolithic communities in the Early Neolithic period of expansion through Europe, as evidenced by the archaeological remains of the Starcevo culture.

Genetic structure of two human populations, indigenous and migratory population in the area of the Tuzla region, was analyzed with respect to some static and dynamic-morphological properties. The analyzed genetic data were collected by direct observation and survey of 472 pupils of school age. The investigated parameters of genetic heterogeneity were estimated by: analysis of the frequency of recessive phenotypes for every observed property, t-test analysis, and assessment of intragroup variation by analysis of Wahlund variance. Based on the obtained results it was observed that the frequency of the recessive homozygote for most of the analyzed properties was slightly higher in migratory populations. All values obtained by Wahlund variance analysis indicated a small genetic differentiation.

MtDNA variations, determined in terms of mtDNA haplogroups, were analyzed, the sample consisted of the human population of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the teritory of the Tuzla region. The analysis included a total of 245 mtDNA samples (kin unrelated individuals). Determination of mtDNA haplogroups was studied by using haplogroup-specific PCR-RFLP markers of a coding region of mtDNA. We observed that 95.11% of investigated individuals in the Tuzla region belong to the Western-Euroasian mtDNA haplogroups: H, V, T, I, J, K, U, X, W. The impact of migratory activities on the population structure of the Tuzla region was estimated by analysis within- and of intergroup genetic differences (index of genetic specificities, pairwise FST analysis and exact-p test) of indigenous and migrant categories (recent, internal, and historical). The analysis showed that a significant demographic influence on the genetic structure of indigenous people was exerted by the category of recent migrants only.

Somatic mutations of MMR gene are not often present in HNPCC and in sporadic RER+ colorectal cancers. Complete studies were made according to Bethesda and Amsterdam Criteria, and 35 patients belonged to the group with sporadic colorectal cancer, and 9 patients belonged to HNPCC group. The results of our studies showed that there is no significant difference between RER phenotype of HNPCC and sporadic cancer (p>0,05) in regard to microsatellite status. It can be a good indicator that there are so called 'susspected' on HNPCC among sporadic cancers which were not detected yet. The reason for this was an incomplete familial history of illness of patients and as such it was selected as sporadic cancer. Microsatellite analysis together with medical and familial history of illness can be a successful instrument for efficient HNPCC identification. However, successful solving of this problem lies in making an accurate diagnosis in comparative findings, which can be provided by genetic and clinical tests.

The objectives of this research were to establish the recessive phenotype frequency of the(in)ability of tongue rolling (fr) and frequency of the(in)ability of tongue folding. The data were collected by means of direct analysis and interviews with pupils from 5th to 8th grade. The research was conducted in rural and urban areas of Zivinice Municipality (OS Zivinice and OS Basigovci). The sample comprised 438 persons of both sexes (202 boys and 236 girls) 11-16 years of age. 197 respondents were from urban and 241 from rural area. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the phenotype frequency of the (in)ability of tongue rolling in Zivinice Municipality is 20,30% with relative frequency of recessive allele qr=0,45, while in the Basigovci area the phenotype frequency of the(in)ability of tongue rolling is 41,90%, with relative frequency of recessive allele qr=0,64. The phenotype frequency of the(in)ability of tongue folding in Zivinice is 32,48%, relative frequency of recessive allele qu=0,56, while the incidence of same phenotipe in Basigovci is 44,81%, and relative frequency of recessive allele is qu=0,66. The analysis of the results in Živinice Municipality show that the frequency of recessive allele is not different from the one found in the previous researeches in the regions of B&H and has approximate value of the frequency of reccesive allele from Gradacac qr=0,55.

The objectives of this research were to establish the recessive phenotype frequency of hyperextensibility of the proksimal thumb joint - pht/pht (%) and of recessive allela (qpht), the frequency of recessive phenotype hyperextensibility of the distal thumb joint - dht/dht (%) and recessive allela (qdht), by sub-samples urban - rural area and sex of respondents. Obtained data are compared with available data from previous testing population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was performed in the Živinice district elementary school ('Prva OS Živinice' and 'OS Basigovci' Basigovci). The sample involved 434 students, both sexes (212 boys and 222 girls) age between 11 and 16 years. Of the total number of respondents 195 persons is from urban and 239 from rural areas. Analysis of the result phenotype hyperextensibility of the proksimal thumb joint from Živinice area the percentage of registered is 51,28 % and relative frequency of recessive allele (qpht=0,7l), while in the Basigovci area the frequency of phenotype hyperextensibility of the proksimal thumb joint is 70,71 % with relative frequency of recessive allele (qpht=0,84). Frequency phenotype hwerextensibility of the distal thumb joint in Živinice area (urban area) is 36,92 %, relative frequency of recessive allele (qdht=0,60), while the incidence of same phenotype in rural area is 33,88% and relative frequency of recessive allele (qdht=0,58).

Genetic heterogenity of two local human population from the area of northeast Bosnia (Bosanska Bijela and Memic'i) regarding of four the biochemical-physiological characteristic (ABO blood groups, PTC tasting, red and green colour vision) was studied. Special attention in this study was paid to the analysis of temporal changes in genetic structure of two local population. The analysed genetic data were collected by direct observation and survey of schoolchildren from two temporal periods (1974.75. and 2001./02. year). Data processing included: estimation of recessive phenotypes frequency for each observed characteristic by locality, analysis Wahlund, s variance analysis of the complex genetic distance, analysis of correlation of genetic distance and some possible factors of the genetic heterogeneity. Thirty years after the last analysis of genetic structure of these two populations regarding of four the biochemical-physiological characteristics, we found that the population of Bosanska Bijela retained higher genetic similarity in two temporal periods compared to the population of Memic'i and that the this two populations show a higher genetic similarity when compared to period 1974./75.

Our objective was to establish if mother's age affects the anthropometric properties their 11 and 16 years old sons, and if the boys' BMI is satisfactory. Cross-sections, questionnaires, and statistics were used for data processing BMI (kg/m2) was presented according to the scale Quetelet's index nutritional status. Twelve anthropometric properties were researched. It was established that mother's age affects anthropometric properties in adolescent boys. The younger mothers' boys come to puberty with significantly higher mean values for most anthropometric parameters. In the course of adolescent jump, older mothers' boys have significantly higher anthropometric measures in comparison to their age boys delivered by younger mothers. After the completion of their intensive growth and development anthropometric measures in both category boys are equal or insignificantly higher in younger mothers' sons. Mother's age affects their sons' anthropometric properties of growth and development, particularly in prepuberty and puberty. After puberty that effect is not significant. According to BMI, the boys coming from the researched region make the group of underfed children. That is probably the outcome of bad living conditions, irregular and insufficient diet, stress, etc. in the course of four year aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Dynamics of growth of male children and youths from the Region of Tuzla influenced by some exogenous factors was researched by a corresponding analysis of the sample which included 751 tested individuals, aged from 11 to 17 years. The analysis performed is primarily based on the scientific elaboration of the registered state in two time-points (1996 and 1999) in the tested part of broader population. This research involved the period of four-year aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, taking into consideration the fact that the tested persons spent one period of their growth and development in extremely bad wartime living conditions. By quasicanonic correlative analysis it was established that the next factors participated in connection of variables of both sets (initial and final measurements): mother's standard, total mother's and father's standard of living, mother's age and sequence of births participated to some less extent in connection of both sets of variables. Anthropometric variables that had most significant impact of both sets of variables are: length parameters, body mass, width parameters, circumferences had somewhat less impact, while indexes of head and sitting height had the least impact on this connection.