BACKGROUND/AIM The most sensitive indicators for detecting recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are 131I whole body scintigraphy (WBS) and measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg). In order to perform it, it is necessary to raise the level of endogenous tiroid-stimulating hormon (TSH), which can be achieved by L-thyroxine withdrawal for 3-5 weeks or administration of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) without requiring the discontinuation of thyroid hormone therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of rhTSH using in comparison to the traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal in the follow-up of patients with DTC. METHODS This retrospective study included 44 patients, mean age 48.8 years, with DTC divided into 2 groups. The group I consisted of patients (n = 31) in which the analysis in the follow-up (WBS with 131I, TSH, Tg and antiTgAt) made in the hypothyroid state, and group II patients (n = 13) in which they made after the administration of rhTSH. The presence of 13 symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism was investigated on the day of giving 131I. Quality of life was evaluated using a modified form: the quality of life scale (SF-36) completed on the day of giving 131I. RESULTS In both groups, serum TSH reached a very good stimulation level, but significantly higher in the group II (group I 30.3-101.5 microlU/mL, group II 68.6-192.0 microlU/mL, p < 0.05). In both groups, TSH-stimulated Tg was higher (group I 0.1-546.0 ng/mL, group II 0.1-7517 ng/mL) comapred to value during the L-thyroxine therapy (group I 0.1-495.0 ng/mL, group II 0.1-2785 ng/mL). There was no difference in technical quality of WBS obtained from both groups. The patients in the group I had attended 8-13 symptoms of hypothyroidism, while patients in group II did not have symptoms of hypothyroidism. The patients after application of rhTSH, showed statistically significantly better quality of life as compared with those who showed to have L-thyroxine withdrawal, (74-91 points vs 43-62 points; p < 0.05). The rhTSH was well tolerated, with nausea occurring in only one patient. CONCLUSION Administration of rhTSH in the follow-up of patients with DTC prevents the debilitating effects of hypothyroidism contributing to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis of the organism and preserves the quality of life. RhTSH is safe, effective and easy to use, but is still an expensive product in our country.

BACKGROUND/AIM Speech motor mechanisms play a crucial role in the process of demutization, due to the fact that they cover all the elements of the successive development of spech production movements leading to speech formation (so-called kinesthesia in speach). The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of perceptual motor actions on the cognitive process of reading in 130 students in regular schools and schools for the deaf and hard-of-hearing children in the Republic of Serbia. METHODS Kostić and Vladisavljević test consisted of the ten levels weight was used for the assessment of reading speed. To assess understanding of text read by verbal responses, we used three-dimensional adapted reading test of Helene Sax. RESULTS The triage-articulation test for assessing reading speed (Kostié and Vladisavljević's test according to the weight of ten levels, revealed that students in regular schools statistically significantly faster read texts as compared to the deaf students. The results of the three-dimensional adapted reading test of Helena Sax, show that the words learned by deaf children exist in isolation in their mind, i.e., if there is no standard of acoustic performance for graphic image, in deaf child every word, printed or written, is just the sum of letters without meaning. CONCLUSION There is a significant difference in text reading speed and its understanding among the children who hear and the deaf and hard-of-hearing children. It is essential that in deaf and heard-of-hearing children education, apart from the development of speech, parallelly use the concept of semantic processing in order to get each word by the fullness of its content and the possibility of expanding its meaning in a variety of assets.

BACKGROUND Frequent use of Facebook and other social networks is thought to be associated with certain behavioral changes, and some authors have expressed concerns about its possible detrimental effect on mental health. In this work, we investigated the relationship between social networking and depression indicators in adolescent population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Total of 160 high school students were interviewed using an anonymous, structured questionnaire and Back Depression Inventory - second edition (BDI-II-II). Apart from BDI-II-II, students were asked to provide the data for height and weight, gender, average daily time spent on social networking sites, average time spent watching TV, and sleep duration in a 24-hour period. RESULTS Average BDI-II-II score was 8.19 (SD=5.86). Average daily time spent on social networking was 1.86 h (SD=2.08 h), and average time spent watching TV was 2.44 h (SD=1.74 h). Average body mass index of participants was 21.84 (SD=3.55) and average sleep duration was 7.37 (SD=1.82). BDI-II-II score indicated minimal depression in 104 students, mild depression in 46 students, and moderate depression in 10 students. Statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.05, R=0.15) was found between BDI-II-II score and the time spent on social networking. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that online social networking is related to depression. Additional research is required to determine the possible causal nature of this relationship.

Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Children with Lung Infiltrates The analysis of the subpopulation of lymphocytes - CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of paediatric patients can provide useful information related the lung parenchyma. The aim of the paper was to analyze the results of bronchoscopy of patients presenting with persistent lung infiltrates and to find out of the diagnostic yield and complication rate of this procedure. The study is a retrospective one. The data related to paediatric findings and BAL results of the bronchoscopies were retrieved from the hospital records. BAL was performed in tracheobronchial airways (middle lobe) by bronchoscope and sent to analysis of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes. Bronchoscopy was performed under general anesthesia (sedation, propofol, midazolam, morphium). The records of seven patients were analyzed. All patients presented with persistent lung infiltrate (atelectasis and pneumonia). 71% of the patients with lung infiltrates in our study were below the age of 5. Our study results showed that CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes in BAL in the studied group showed a small percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes as an immune response in 8-10% of patients, while the cellular response of CD4 +lymphocytes in the sample itself was present up to 14% in the entire group of the diseased children. There was no serious desaturation during bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy with BAL findings of lymphocyte populations is important in the early identification of inflammation and it helps in therapeutic strategies and monitoring of inflammatory response to the given therapy. Subpopulacija limfocita u bronhoalveolarnoj lavaži kod pedijatrijskih bolesnika sa plućnim infiltratom Analiza subpopulacija limfocita u bronhoalveolarnoj lavaži (BAL) kod pedijatrijskih bolesnika može nam pružiti korisne informacije o dešavanju u parenhimu pluća. Cilj rada bio je analiza rezultata bronhoskopije i BAL-a kod bolesnika sa perzistentnim plućnim infiltratima i stope komplikacija kod ove procedure. Ovo je retrospektivna studija. Podaci o pedijatrijskim nalazima i rezultatima BAL bronhoskopija uzeti su iz bolničke evidencije. BAL je izvršena bronhoskopom unutar traheobronhalnog stabla (srednji lobus) i upućena na CD4+, CD8+ limfocita. Za vreme bronhoskopije nije zabeležena ozbiljnija desaturacija. Bronhoskopija je urađena u opštoj anesteziji (propofol, midazolam, morfijum). Analizirano je ukupno 17 istorija bolesti. Svi bolesnici imali su perzistentne plućne infiltrate (atelektazu i upalu pluća). 71% bolesnika sa plućnim infiltratima bili su mlađi od 5 god. Rezultati naše studije pokazali su da CD4+, CD8+ limfociti u BAL-u na datoj grupi pokazuju mali procenat CD8+ limfocita kao imunu reakciju kod 8-10% bolesnika, dok je ćelijska reakcija CD4+ limfocita u samom uzorku bila zabeležena kod 5%, odnosno 14% bolesnika u čitavoj grupi obolele dece. Bronhoskopija sa BAL-om je značajna metoda u identifikaciji imunog odgovora u plućima i primeni adekvatne terapije.

BACKGROUND Subjects that spend more time working on computers or watching television could have a higher body mass index. AIM To assess the relationship between time spent in front of a screen and studying, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and sleep duration among university students. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 734 randomly selected students aged 21 ± 2 years (450 females) that responded an anonymous, structured questionnaire about time spent watching television or in front of a computer, time spent studying, number of daily hours of sleep, smoking habits and number of daily meals. Body mass index was also calculated for all subjects RESULTS Among males, the number of daily sleep hours, time spent working with computers and number of daily meals were significantly higher and time spent studying was significantly lower than females. Nonsmokers ate a significantly higher number of meals and spent less time watching television. No association was observed between time spent in front of a screen and number of sleep hours of body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Men and smokers spend more time working in computers. There is no association between body mass index and time spent in front of screens.

<p>Skin lesions have a strong influence on the mental health. Literature indicates the complex interrelationships between psychosocial factors and psoriasis, which substantially reduce the quality of life of these patients. These interrelationships are based on numerous interactions that exist between the immune, nervous and endocrine systems and they are the basis of interactions that exist between mental and somatic health and the environment. Psychodermatology was developed as a new interdisciplinary field, a connection between psychiatry and dermatology. More than just cosmetic disfigurement, psoriasis is associated with various psychopathological problems that may have an impact on patients, their families and society. Numerous psychological disturbances occur in patients with psoriasis. Also, a significant psychiatric comorbidity was found in patients with psoriasis. Exacerbation of psoriasis leads to a deterioration of mental health. The treatment of psoriasis requires an interdisciplinary approach of a dermatologist and a psychiatrist. Various forms of psychological interventions have been proposed as a potentially useful addition to a standard pharmacological treatment of psoriasis.&nbsp;</p>

Prezentovana dostignuca u istraživanju moždanih funkcija potvrđuju ekspanziju uspesnih neuroradioloskih tehnika, ali su istovremeno i izazov da se razvijaju savrsenije tehnike kojima bi se moždana aktivnost jos jasnije osvetlila.

Fumagillin is an antibiotic derived from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. It has been used successfully for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-positive humans, as well as in those suffering from intestinal amebiasis and microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis. In veterinary medicine it is approved for the treatment of microsporidiosis in bees and fish. In this research fumagillin was tested for the ability to provoke chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. BALB/c mice were administered fumagillin by gastric probe in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. Water-sugary syrup was the negative and cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg b.w.) the positive control. Significantly increased frequencies (p<0.01 or p<0.001) of numerical chromosomal aberrations (aneuploidies and poliploidies) was observed both in the medium (10 mg/kg b.w.) and the highest (20 mg/kg b.w.) dose of fumagillin. Structural chromosomal aberrations (gaps, breaks and insertions) were noticeably more frequent in comparison to negative control only in the highest experimental dose of dycikloheksilamine. These results clearly showed that fumagillin in concetrations 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. had a genotoxic potential in vivo.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The caudate circuit takes part in cognitive control of motor activity. The purpose of the present work was registration and analysis of basic bioelectrical activity of ventral and dorsal sensory-motor cortex and nucleus caudate, study of the changes in EEG after nucleus caudate electrical stimulation and to identify of threshold level of electrical stimuli responsible for changes of electrical activity in registered brain area. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 28 albino Wistar rat of both genders. After the animal fixation on stereotaxic apparatus to dry bone, the places for electrode fixation were marked. Two days after the electrodes had been implanted an EEG was registered so that the animals would adjust to the conditions and so they would repair the tissue reactions. EEG was registered with bipolar electrodes with ten-channeled apparatus. For first half an hour spontaneous activity of the brain was registered, and after that the head of nucleus caudate was stimulated with altered impulses of various voltages, frequency and duration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Threshold values of electric stimulus intensity from 3 to 5 V, frequency from 3 to 5 Hz, duration from 3 to 5 ms, by stimulation the head of nucleus caudate of rat, lead to the change of basal bioelectric activity of cerebrum. The change of bioelectric activity is firstly recorded in equilateral cortex, and with the higher intensity of the stimulus the changes overtake the contra lateral cortex.