Polyhydramnios is a condition related to an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid in the third trimester of pregnancy and it can be acute and chronic depending on the duration. Published data suggest that during muscle development, in the stage of late histochemical differentiation decreased mechanical loading cause decreased expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) type 1 leading to slow-to-fast transition. In the case of chronic polyhydramnios, histochemical muscle differentiation could be affected as a consequence of permanent decreased physical loading. Most affected would be muscles which are the most active i.e., spine extensor muscles and muscles of legs. Long-lasting decreased mechanical loading on muscle should cause decreased expression of MHC type 1 leading to slow-to-fast transition, decreased number of muscle fiber type I especially in extensor muscles of spine and legs. Additionally, because MHC type 1 is present in all skeletal muscles it could lead to various degrees of hypotrophy depending on constituting a percentage of MHC type 1 in affected muscles. These changes in the case of preexisting muscle disorders have the potential to deteriorate the muscle condition additionally. Given these facts, idiopathic chronic polyhydramnios is a rare opportunity to study the influence of reduced physical loading on muscle development in the human fetus. Also, it could be a medical entity to examine the influence of micro- and hypogravity conditions on the development of the fetal muscular system during the last trimester of gestation.

1968 was a watershed year not only for the new left but even more so for the rise of the New Right. It turns out that, if 1968 “prepared” 1989 as the next turning point in European and world history, it was probably more through the new right’s forging of ideas that would eventually provide ideological justification for illiberal democracies in Central and Eastern Europe. Yugoslavia is an important site in this history not only because of its early exposure to the ideas of the new right through the work of the painter and publicist Dragoš Kalajić but also because in his seminal book The Philosophy of Parochialism (1969), Radomir Konstantinović anticipated the rise of the new right and offered a penetrating critique of its fundamental premises.

1Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Republika Srpska, Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4Primary Health Care Center, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5Day Oncology Hospital ZU Estetic, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction: The introduction of BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib significantly improvedoverall survival (OS) in metastatic melanoma patients.Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study was to determine OS and progressionfree survival (PFS) in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma treated withvemurafenib in the Oncology Clinic, University Clinical Centre of the Republic ofSrpska (UKC RS). The secondary goal is to determine the effect of elevated serumlactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on OS.Patients and Methods: We analysed patients that received vemurafenib in theApril 2015. until March 2018. They had pathohistologically confirmed B-RAF positivemetastatic melanoma. LDH values were measured at the start of the treatment.Results: A total of 16 patients were analyzed, with an average age of 53 years(37-78). A large number of patients at the start had multiple sites of metastases.Calculated OS in patients who received vemurafenib is 11.8 months (p=0,23), withstandard deviation (SD) 9.18. The calculated PFS is 9.5, SD 7,57. OS in patients withnormal LDH is 14.4 months, SD 10.73, and with elevated LDH is 8.4 months, SD4.9 (p=0.079).Conclusion: Use of vemurafenib resulted in an improvement in PFS, with improvedOS in patients with advanced BRAF-mutated melanoma. In patients with elevatedLDH OS was reduced. This shows that LDH is a good prognostic marker and thatwe should do it routinely for all patients with melanoma. This study has indicatedthe need for new diagnostic and therapeutic options for melanoma in Republic ofSrpska.