Health telematics is a composite term for health-related activities, services and systems carried out over a distance by means of information and communications technololgies, for the purposes of global health promotion, disease control and health care, as well as education, management, and research for health. The concept of health telematics encompasses the following functional areas:--tele-education;--telemedicine;--telematics for health research;--telematics for health services management. Communications technologies are rapidly revolutionizing health care. For example, electronic communications support diagnosis and treatment of disease. TeleMedicine is an umbrella term for growing disciplines such as TeleRadiology, TelePathology, TeleCardiology, TelePsychiatry and TeleEducation. TeleMedicine is a component of TeleHealth, which includes the use of telecommunications technology and services for the surveillance and control of diseases and education. In this article authors describes the role of telemedicine and telematics in medical education and medical praxis.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has been developing new Health Care System based on Electronic Registration Card. Developing countries proceeded from the manual and semiautomatic method of medical data processing to the new method of entering, storage, transfer, searching and protection of data using electronic equipment. Currently, many European countries have developed a Medical Card Based Electronic Information System. Both technologies offer the advantages and disadvantages. Three types of electronic card are currently in use: Hybrid Card, Smart Card and Laser Card. Hybrid Card offers characteristics of both Smart Card and Laser Card. The differences among these cards, such as a capacity, total price, price per byte, security system are discussed here. The dilemma is, which card should be used as a data carrier. The Electronic Family Registration Card is a question of strategic interest for B&H, but also a big investment. We should avoid the errors of other countries that have been developing card-based system. In this article we present all mentioned cards and compare advantages and disadvantages of different technologies.

Internet is more and more involved in medical education in many countries including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Not only medical student but also physicians are using Internet to find out the latest information in specific field of medicine. Some sites are specially designed to be used for medical education. Information about some programs or courses of medical education can be found here. Improvements of network resources and multimedia technologies have made it possible to satisfy needs for medical Education. Multimedia approach offer possibility to show text, picture, sound or movie considering specific need. All of that is available on Internet. Many search engine are available in the world and student can use all of them when they have access to Internet. The more precise search can be done on specific sites that include information about medical conditions and medical education. The most important is MEDLINE. MEDLINE is bibliographic database of National Library Of Medicine in USA. This database can be explored from several sites. All relevant information about article can be find here including abstract and service to obtain full text of specific article. Database can be searched using specific keywords that can be find in text or in MESH thesaurus. Data about authors, their addresses and title of article can be found, too. The possibility of using Internet in medical education are considered in this article. Some of Internet sites are described, too.

Expert systems are software systems that can successfully compare to human experts. Their purpose is mostly advisory. Besides, they give explanation and advices to human experts when performing certain tasks. They are intelligent information systems, and are capable to explain and justify their conclusions. Knowledge systems are smaller software systems, and are usually less successful than human experts. Main reasons for expert systems development in medicine are: need for justification of decisions, need for enhancing performances in many uncertain relations; need for explaining of decision making process++ etc. One of the reasons of developing knowledge-based systems was that conventional statistic formalisms have not provided satisfactory solutions in medical decision making (MDM). Also, today, the relations between cases and conclusions are not universally valid. So, few causes can provide the same conclusion. Besides, data are not necessarily absolutely accurate. The area of applying expert systems is very wide: diagnosis, prognosis, education, managing etc. Basic structure of expert system consists of: knowledge, data base, inferring mechanism, explaining mechanism and user-interface. In this paper we presented several expert systems which are actually used in practice, especially in internal disciplines: Internist, Mycin, Onkocyn, DXplain.

Expert systems are software systems developed using different techniques of artificial intelligence that can act parallel to the "human" experts. The main role is consultative These are intelligent information systems that use more then 2000 different rules and that are capable to explain their decisions. Databases of such systems can contain huge number of data about different diseases and therapy modalities. In development of Medical Expert systems the rule of human experts is crucial. The teams of such experts are developing expert system considering the changes in medicine. Several modes of work are available. Consultation mode is used in cases when the diagnosis and treatment is uncertain. The human enter data about symptoms and signs of some medical disorder and computer creates a list of possible diagnosis and additional diagnostic test. Therapy for condition is also suggested. Simulation mode can simulate virtual patient and allows students and doctors to learn mode about some medical conditions. Some expert system as HEPAT can make "Decision Tree" for new-born jaundice. Similar expert system will be available in future for other fields in medicine. Some of expert systems are described in article.

In this paper author discussed about experiences of implementing curriculum of education of Medical informatics on biomedical faculties in Sarajevo. Theoretical and practical part of education process, according to new curriculum, during 6 years period of studying at Faculty of medicine in Sarajevo, is hold within the second semester and consists of 30 hours. At Faculty of Dental Medicine in Sarajevo, education is hold in the fourth semester, and consists of 45 hours. At Higher Medical School in Sarajevo, education is also hold in the fourth semester, and consists of 30 hours of theoretical and 30 hours of practical hours as well. Curriculum of Medical Informatics is identical at all these three institutions. Faculty of Dental Medicine education process points out dental informatics, and Higher Medical School devotes more time in education on nursing informatics.

Medical education, especially continuous one, is considered as a very important strategy in assuring health care quality. It represents the most dynamic structural element of the health care quality. In this presentation we used the structural approach to quality assurance, through examination of medical literature utilisation trends from a number of health professionals and students of biomedical schools. In the research we used questionnaires which contained the questions related to the motivation of the subjects to use the medical literature and its availability to them. 34 students of biomedical schools were interviewed through questionnaires, 45 students of high nursery school and 32 medical doctors. The results showed that motivation of the subjects in the survey, both students and medical doctors to use medical literature is significant. However the possibility to use professional literature in their libraries is very limited because of the lack of new literature. Only 3% of interviewed medical doctors and students use Internet in their education. Technological delay in the process of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused by the war will significantly influence the level of health care quality in our country in the next period.

The biggest problem in organisation of the effective and rational health care of good quality in Bosnia quality and Herzegovina is a functional and updated Health Information System. In this system, important role play Health Statistic System in which documentation and evidence are very important segment. Developed countries proceeded from the manual and semiautomatic method of medical data processing and system management to the new methods of entering, storage, transfer, searching and protection of data using electronic equipment. Recently, the competition between manufacturers of the Smart Card and Laser Card is reality. Also scientific and professional debate exists about the standard card for storage of medical information in Health Care System. First option is supported by West European countries that developing Smart Card called Eurocard and second by USA and Far East countries. Because the Health Care System and other segments of Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina innovate intensively similar systems, the authors of this article intend to open discussion, and to show advantages and failures of each technological medium.

Expert systems are software systems that can successfully compare to human experts. Their purpose is mostly advisory. Besides, they give explanation and advice to human experts when performing certain tasks. They are intelligent information systems, and are capable to explain and justify their conclusions. Knowledge systems are smaller software systems, and are usually less successful than human experts. Main reasons for expert systems development in medicine are: need for justification of decisions, need for enhancing performances in many uncertain relations; need for explaining of decision making process etc. One of the reasons of developing knowledge-based systems was that conventional statistic formalisms have not provided satisfactory solutions in medical decision making (MDM). Also, today, the relations between cases and conclusions are not universally valid. So, few causes can provide the same conclusion. Besides, data are not necessarily absolutely accurate. The area of applying expert systems is very wide: diagnosis, prognosis, self-education, directing etc. Basic structure of expert system consists of: knowledge, data base, inferring mechanism, explaining mechanism and user-interface. Though, expert systems also have certain bad features: primarily, they are not physicians i.e. they can not examine a patient. Furthermore, expert system that is good for one certain area is often not good for another one. There are some cases, when these systems can confuse a physician and make him to make a wrong decision. This occurs very often in two specific cases: when the clinical situation is urgent; and when accuracy of clinical information is not definite.