Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium which produces spores that can survive for a long time in the environment. The disease spectrum caused by Clostridium difficile ranges from diarrhea to toxic megacolon and collectively they are all called Clostridium difficileassociated disease (CDAD). Since 2000, this pathogen has demonstrated an increased propensity to cause more frequent and virulent illness that is often refractory to treatment. Clostridium difficile-associated disease is usually diagnosed following the demonstration of toxins A and/or B in stool samples. The most important risk factors are: age over 65 years, broad-spectrum antibiotics, severe underlying illness, nasogastric intubation, gastrointestinal surgery, and longer hospital stay. The measures of prevention and control of Clostridium difficile in the health care settings include the appropriate use of isolation precautions, hand hygiene, protective clothing, environmental cleaning and cleaning of medical equipment, good antibiotic stewardship, and specific measures during outbreaks.

<p><strong>Introduction. </strong>Hepatitis B is a serious disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. WHO estimates that more than 2 billion persons have been infected with HBV (including 350 million chronically infected). The aim of this study was to investigate the students&rsquo; knowledge and attitudes about HBV infection at the Medical Faculty Foca. <strong>Methods.</strong> The study was conducted among 37 students of the third year, 22 of the fifth year and 18 of sixth year at the Medical Faculty in Foca from November to December 2007. The students were interviewed by the anonymous survey. <strong>Results.</strong> Most of the examined students (96.1%) know that hepatitis B virus can be passed through sexual contact. Only 17% of the students have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The main reason for not getting vaccinated for 75.4% medical students was the unavailability of the vaccine. Almost all participants (92.2%) believe that all medical students should be vaccinated against hepatitis B. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Our results suggest that the students&rsquo; knowledge about HBV infection is on average level. Only 17% of students have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The main reason for that is the unavailability of the hepatitis B vaccine.</p>