This article aims to summarise the current situation regarding digital archaeological archives in Bosnia and Herzogivina.

Abstract This paper explores the role of knowledge visualization in facilitating decision-making in cultural heritage management. The paper addresses the issue in the specific context of stećci - the tombstones from medieval Bosnia inscribed on the UNESCO world heritage list. Grounded in the distant reading paradigm, the paper introduces a series of visualizations of spatial, temporal, architectural, iconographical, epigraphical, and impact analyses of stećci data. Together, these visualizations should enable decision-makers to gain an enhanced understanding and knowledge of this important cultural heritage. In turn, this should help them make better decisions regarding their protection and promotion.

Knowledge building is a social process that is driven by the willingness of people to share their expertise and create new knowledge. Scientific Communities of Practice (CoPs) are communities of professors and researchers whose aim is to foster scientific knowledge generation. In the KM literature, research concerning this kind of CoPs has been substantially neglected so far. The present research analyses the case study of the International Association for Knowledge Management (IAKM) seen as a scientific CoP where members are mostly academics with research interests in developing and promoting knowledge management. Based on a collection of quantitative and qualitative data about member collaborations and scientific production, the study investigates the structure of interactions and the collaborative processes of IAKM members and the specific mechanisms of knowledge building within this CoP, seen as a paradigmatic example of scientific community. Members were asked to respond to a survey regarding their collaborative activities carried out with other IAKM members in the period of 2011 – 2020. The descriptive analysis revealed the kind of collaborations, the distribution of interactions across the community, and the dynamic patterns over time. A follow-up social network analysis was used to provide deeper insight into the community structure and dynamics. The research found that a CoP can really be useful for progress in a scientific field because it can provide a platform for trust and mutual acquaintance that reduces barriers to collaboration and knowledge building across different universities, professional roles, countries, and cultures, which is increasingly important for the progress of science. Most importantly, IAKM exhibited a cohesive and active core membership with pivotal roles played by a number of active members, which contributed significantly to the growth of the Association and, in general, to the advancements in the field of KM through collaborative knowledge building.

This paper describes the application of knowledge management principles to the design of a postgraduate IT course website at UNSW. The main goal of the website was to satisfy teaching and learning objectives of the course. A two-by-two matrix comprising explicit and tacit, what and how types of knowledge, was used as the underlying theoretical framework for the web design. Main web features support the finding, storing and sharing of knowledge as well as learning by doing. Together, they deliver important benefits to both educators and students of the course.

Management literature proposes several broad categories of business motives behind Knowledge Management (KM) initiatives: minimising risk, improving efficiency and effectiveness and enabling innovation. While risk minimisation and efficiency and effectiveness improvement are fundamental for organisational survival, innovation is the key for organisational advancement and long-term economic success. Choosing the right KM strategy is of utmost importance for organisational performance. On the one hand, two popular Knowledge Management strategies termed codification and personalisation differ in their reliance on technology or people. On the other hand, two strategies referred to as exploitation and exploration differ in their focus on transferring existing or developing new knowledge. This study aims to examine the main business forces in KM adoption and to identify preferred KM strategies responsively. More specifically, it aims to provide a metric in determining (1) applied and realised KM strategies, (2) business focus, (3) knowledge processes and (4) knowledge focus. Data, collected from 372 surveyed employees of Turkish organisations across different industries, were analysed in terms of the two key classes of KM drivers and strategies. The findings reveal a widespread tendency for simultaneous pursuance of dual survival and advancement business goals and widespread integration of codification and personalisation as well as exploitation and exploration strategies. The findings validate the ability of Turkish firms in the organisation of KM activities through the combination of somewhat contradictory drivers and strategies implying their ambidexterity regarding considered KM strategies.

This paper reports the results of an empirical examination of a learning tool aimed at stimulating creative and innovative performance of IT students. The tool is based on a brainstorming method that provides students with external stimuli and exposes them to a large number of ideas over a short period of time. An empirical test was conducted using students from a software development course. The results of this study indicate that application of the tool significantly improves participants(cid:146) creative performance. In particular, interaction with the tool resulted in a significant increase in the originality of ideas generated without affecting their relevance and workability.

This paper explores the nature of corporate memories in enhancing individual working knowledge and performance in a decisionmaking context. Our findings from a series of experiments indicate that people tended to use effectively up to two-thirds of the encoded knowledge, missing at least one-third of its maximum potential. Our findings also indicate that the effectiveness of knowledge repositories was highly contingent upon quantity, quality and diversity of their knowledge content. Finally, our study suggests that individuals can potentially benefit from additional knowledge management initiatives such as analytical and procedural knowledge, learning histories, guidance or interactive social environments. Future research may look at the impact of these initiatives independently, or at the possibility of a synergy synergistic effect when combined and integrated. 70 Handzic & Bewsell Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Introduction Human society is experiencing a major transformation from an industry-based society to a knowledge-based society. With this transition comes a growing recognition among researchers and practitioners alike for the need to better understand the value of knowledge, what knowledge is, and how it should be managed. In general, the knowledge management literature indicates a widespread recognition of the importance of knowledge with respect to the struggle for economic success (Devlin, 1999; Drucker, 1993; Stewart, 1997), but little shared understanding of the construct itself (Davenport & Prusak, 1998; Devlin, 1999; Grayson & Dell, 1998). There are also differences among researchers in what constitutes useful knowledge and the ways in which it is created. A recent review of the knowledge management literature (Baxter & Chua, 1999) identifies two major strategies: codification and personalisation. The proponents of codification show a central preoccupation with organisational databases and explicit knowledge. On the other hand, proponents of personalisation seem to be more interested in tacit knowledge sharing. As organisations become more knowledge-based their success will depend on how successfully knowledge workers are applying knowledge productively and efficiently. The central task of those concerned with organisational knowledge management is to determine ways to better cultivate, nurture and exploit knowledge at different levels and in different contexts. Knowledge management is seen as central to process and product improvement, to executive decision making, and to organisational adaptation and renewal (Earl, 2001). This opens up new opportunities for research and practice in behavioural decision making. A knowledge management systems framework (Hahn & Subramani, 2000) suggests that the availability of a KM system such as codified repository should lead to an increase in individual knowledge and result in improved performance. Other frameworks (e.g., Handzic, 2003) propose that KM technology should have an enabling or facilitating effect on managing knowledge processes. Reliable empirical evidence to support these propositions is largely missing (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). The existing KM research is mainly limited to anecdotal stories and descriptive case studies. Therefore, it is necessary to recognise the importance and the need for better understanding of this issue. The main purpose of this chapter is to provide a deeper insight into potential and limitations of codified repositories of business artefacts in enhancing individual working knowledge and performance in the context of decision making. 15 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/chapter/corporate-memories-tombswellsprings-knowledge/23799?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Books, InfoSci-Knowledge Management, Business-Technology-Solution, Library Science, Information Studies, and Education, InfoSci-Library and Information Science, InfoSci-Select, InfoSci-Select. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=1

A contingency perspective of knowledge management, as one of the popular ways of promoting decision making capabilities, recognizes the need for a fit between knowledge management solutions (KMS) and decision-making contexts which they support. In order to determine the best fit, a field survey was carried out to investigate the impact of two different types of KMS (technical and social) on decision makers' behavior and performance in different decision contexts (simple and complex). According to the results, there is a partial support for the contingency view. As expected, social KMS appears as the best fit for complex contexts, based on subjects' superior performance from comparable adoption of both KMS. In contrast, the results suggest that both KMS were an equally good fit for simple contexts, based on similar levels of subjects' performance, but social KMS was preferred in terms of adoption. These findings contribute to much necessary empirical evidence for research and provide useful guidance for practice. However, their limitations necessitate further study.

Digital technology is transforming scholarship in the humanities. Increased engagement with technology is giving scholars unprecedented opportunities for significant intensification and diversification of their research activities. At the same time, translating traditional humanistic objectives, materials, methods, and activities into the digital domain poses fresh challenges for humanistic study and practice. Seizing these opportunities and overcoming these challenges fully will require the transformation of the environment within which much humanistic research and study is undertaken, especially in order to facilitate engagement with unprecedented quantities of complex data and metadata. More particularly still, a Virtual Research Environment (VRE) is needed to support that subset of the humanities community engaged in innovative and collaborative study of the republic of letters. The main aim of the COST Action Reassembling the Republic of Letters (RRL) has been to devise means for bringing together as many early modern learned letters and related documentation as possible in a digital format as the precondition for analyzing wider networks of intellectual exchange, eventually expanding to embrace the republic of letters as a whole. New tools are needed for every stage of this process, from assembling, exchanging, and reconciling catalogue metadata to the transcription and annotation of letters to create new, ‘born digital’ collections (see chs. III.1–5).At this point, however, we confront a paradox, which necessitates further reflection regarding the nature and function of a VRE. The outcome of these plans will be to inundate the field with digital data; in order to handle this deluge of data, methods and tools such as text mining and topic modelling will be needed; and yet (as established in ch. III.4) these tools and methods can only yield meaningful results if even larger quantities of data are available for mining, modelling, and analysis. When confronted by data sets large enough for reliable text mining and topic modelling, scholars will urgently need new strategies and environments in order to explore and analyse these unprecedented bodies of data and metadata effectively. It is therefore necessary to consider at the outset the manner in which big data on the republic of letters must be organized and accessed if future scholars are going to be able to process this information individually and collectively, cognitively and tacitly, to make it explicit by documenting, publishing, and sharing it. In one sense, this problem is not new. As Ann Blair has made clear in her seminal book, Too Much to Know, scholars since Antiquity have developed strategies for producing and managing information in a collaborative way. Similar strategies are under development today, in the early digital age. For the production of knowledge, for instance, crowdsourcing is becoming a common method: to advance our knowledge of the republic of letters, whole communities of scholars are cataloguing, transcribing, disclosing, annotating, and sometimes even coding collections of letters. For the analysis of the resulting data, similar collaborative methods will be needed. To this end, this chapter conceptualizes a future VRE for analysing digitally reassembled data on the republic of letters. The general objective is to sketch the outline of an environment in which scholars can navigate, explore, search, analyse, visualize, interpret, and validate the unstructured and structured big data of the digital republic of letters. Although many of the current methods and tools might be obsolete by the time a comprehensive data set has been assembled, the fundamental principles of knowledge organization and management will still be needed to handle large quantities of letters and contextual texts for scholarly purposes.

The prime objective of this paper is to provide some answers to the lingering questions of KM meaning and value.The paper traces the evolutionary development of the KM concept and the related theoretical foundations that define KM expectations. It also synthesises major failure factors that plague the reality of KM implementations in practice. The paper concludes with implications of these developments for global KM.