Summary Background: Good glycoregulation at patients with diabetes mellitus is essential for prevention of many complications, including those in oral cavity. Results of numerous studies indicate that xerostomia and neurosensory oral disorders are present in type 2 diabetics. A review of the literature shows contradictory results about prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of xerostomia, neurosensory disorders and mucosal lesions in oral cavity of type 2 diabetics. Material and Methods: This study involved 90 adults, 60 with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy subjects, aged 45-65 years. With regard to value of HbA1c level diabetics were divided into two groups: 30 subjects with satisfactory glycoregulation (HbA1c<9%) and 30 subjects with poor glycoregulation (HbA1c≥9%). All patients recruited into the study completed a questionnaire that included their demographic, medical and oral health data. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa was performed by a single examiner. Results: In relation to the presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia between satisfactory controlled diabetics and healthy subjects a significant difference was observed (p<0.05). Compared with healthy subjects, poor controlled diabetics had significantly higher presence of xerostomia (p<0.001) and neurosensory disoders (p<0.05). A higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found in poor controlled diabetics, but significant difference between groups was not observed (p>0.05). A significant positive correlation was revealed between smoking and glossodynia as well as smoking and glossopyrosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Glycemic control level seems to influence the susceptibility of type 2 diabetics to xerostomia and neurosensory disorders. Less clear is whether diabetes are corellated to oral mucosal lesions.

Summary Introduction Local therapy of denture stomatitis (DS) associated with Candida species fungi infection usually involves the application of nystatin and miconazole. Due to the fact that these drugs may be less efficient against biofilm and possible resistance development, a new approach in the treatment includes the use of antiseptic agents. The aim of the study was to compare clinical and microbiological therapeutic outcomes of antiseptic solution Listerine® and Daktanol® antifungal oral gel in the treatment of DS associated with Candida species fungi. Material and Methods The study included 30 patients affected by DS, divided into the two treatment groups, control group (n=15) treated by Daktanol® gel and experimental group (n=15) treated by the antiseptic solution Listerine®. Successful treatment was evaluated based on palatal mucosa inflammation reduction classified according to the Newton classification and the difference in the number of fungal colony- forming units (CFU) isolated by smears before and after the treatment that lasted 14 days. Results Reduction in inflammation intensity and fungal CFU number on palatal mucosa (p<0,01) as well as on denture base (p<0,01) were observed in both groups of subjects after the treatment. Conclusion Antiseptic solution Listerine® and Daktanol® antifungal gel both reduced palatal mucosal inflammation and CFU number of fungi in mouth without significant differences among them. CFU number of fungi isolated from denture base was significantly lower after the treatment with Listerine® (p<0.05).

Introduction. The aim of this study was to translate the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance index into Serbian language and to evaluate its reliability in practice. Material and Methods. Following internationally established methods, adaptation of the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance index for children and adolescents in the Serbian speaking areas consisted of three steps: forward translation of the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance index, backward translation, and a pilot study. Results. A pilot study included 42 participants (21 males and 21 females), mean age of 12.0 ± 1.01 years. All items showed a corrected item-total correlation coefficient above >0.20 and the standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.80. All correlation coefficient values were positive. The prevalence of oral health impact measured by the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance index was relatively high and 54.8% of the participants reported at least one oral impact on the daily performance in the last 3 months. The most common activities affected were eating (38.1%) and cleaning the teeth (16.7%). Conclusion. The Serbian version of the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance index is suitable for use in everyday practice and it provides useful information in the evaluation of oral health-related quality of life. The prevalence of oral impacts was high with the most prevalent impact referring to eating. Further clinical research, including larger number of participants, is required for exact verification of the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance index.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of different chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) preparations applied subgingivally as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). Material and methods: A total of 120 periodontal pockets was included in this randomized, controlled, split mouth designed study. According to protocols used in treatment, periodontal pockets were assigned to experimental and control groups as follows: CHX solution as an addition to SRP versus control SRP group; CHX gel as an addition to SRP versus control SRP; CHX chip as an addition to SRP versus control SRP group. Following clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, one and three months after the baseline: plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding index (BI) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: The most significant improvements were found concerning PI in CHX solution with SRP and CHX gel with SRP groups over controls at one month recall, as well as concerning BI and PPD in CHX chip with SRP group over SRP alone at three-month recall. Conclusion: Results of this study favour combination therapy using CHX chip as an adjunct to SRP due to greater improvements in BI and PPD compared to those obtained by SRP alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and analyze the status of teeth in relation to sociodemographic factors and habits and behavior related to oral health among adolescents in the eastern region of Republika Srpska. Material and Methods. The study included 212 adolescents (71 males and 141 females) age 16-18 years. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits and behaviors related to oral health were collected using a questionnaire. The prevalence of dental caries was determined by applying the DMFT index and its components (D - decayed, M - extracted, F - filled teeth). The status of teeth was analyzed in relation to socio-demographic variables, oral hygiene habits and behavior related to oral health. Results. The mean DMFT value of examined population was approximately 8.6. A significant difference in the status of teeth of adolescents was reported in relation to the place of residence and oral hygiene habits - brushing frequency and the use of dental floss. A significant difference in the caries prevalence was recorded depending on the elapsed time from last visit and reasons for visiting dentist. Conclusion. The results suggested that the place of residence, oral hygiene habits and behavior related to oral health influenced the status of teeth of adolescents in the eastern region of Republika Srpska.

Introduction. A significant change in frequency and characteristics of oral diseases in developed countries has been detected recently. The aim of this study was to determine the dental status of teeth in adults in the eastern region of Republika Srpska and to determine possible difference in the prevalence of dental diseases according to the demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods. The study included 182 respondents aged 35-44 years and 185 respondents aged 65-74 years, selected randomly from four municipalities in the eastern region of Republika Srpska. Dental examinations were conducted according to the standards and criteria developed by the World Health Organization. Dental status, determined by DMFT index, was analyzed according to the gender and place of residence (urban/rural). Results. The mean DMFT index was 20.2 in the age group 35-44 years and 28.5 in subjects aged 65-74 years. The dominant component of the index in both studied groups was the number of extracted teeth. For subjects aged 65-74 years from rural areas a significantly higher DMFT index as compared to the residents in urban regions (p<0.05) was reported. Females had fewer caries lesions (p<0.05) and greater number of restored (p<0.01) teeth as compared to male respondents in the age group 35-44 years. On the other hand, in the older population study group, females had lower number of restored teeth (p<0.01), higher number of missing teeth (p<0.01) and higher DMFT index (p<0.2001) as compared to males. Conclusion. The present results indicate that the prevalence of caries in adults in the eastern region of Republika Srpska is very high.

INTRODUCTION As a systemic disease, diabetes mellitus may lead to several complications affecting both the quality and the length of life. While periodontal disease is one of the major oral health problems in patients with diabetes, reports of an increased risk of dental caries among diabetics are controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate oral health status in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in relation to metabolic control of the disease. METHODS The study included 47 randomly sampled diabetics patients, divided into two groups; those with poorly controlled diabetes (glycosylated haemoglobin--HbA1c > or =9%) and those with better controlled diabetes (HbA1c < 9%). All patients completed a questionnaire about their medical and oral health. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. RESULTS The patients with poorly controlled diabetes had a significantly higher number of tooth caries compared to those with better controlled diabetes (6.5 +/- 4.3 vs. 4.3 +/- 2.9; p < 0.05). Of periodontal parameters, only PPD was significantly higher in the patients with poorly controlled diabetes than in those with better controlled diabetes (5.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.8; p < 0.05). DMFT index, PI, PPD and CAL exhibited positive correlation only with patients' age. CONCLUSION The study indicates that there is a relationship between poor control of diabetes and caries, and periodontal disease.

Introduction. It has been known that periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in patients having diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and the level of oral hygiene on periodontal status of patients suffering from DM. Material and Methods. The research included 50 people with type 2 DM randomly selected. Based on values of HbA1c, patients were divided into two groups: well controlled DM (HbA1c≤8.5%) and poorly controlled DM (HbA1c>8.5%). Patients with poorly and well controlled DM were further grouped into subgroups depending on the level of oral hygiene. For each patient, during the clinical examination, periodontal parameters were determined: plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), the level of junctional epithelium (LJE) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD). Results. The results showed that patients with well controlled disease and good oral hygiene had lower values of the examined periodontal parameters (SBI and PPD) then patients with poorly controlled DM and worse oral hygiene (p<0.01 for SBI, p<0.05 for PPD). Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the important role of oral hygiene for periodontal status of patients with DM.

Densitometric Analysis in Periodontology Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy, I. Marakoglu Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, Sivas, Turkey