Accelerometry-derived exercise dose (intensity × duration) was assessed throughout a competitive basketball season. Nine elite basketballers wore accelerometers during a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) and during three two-week blocks of training that represented phases of the season defined as easy, medium, and hard based on difficulty of match schedule. Exercise dose was determined using accumulated impulse (accelerometry-derived average net force × duration). Relative exercise intensity was quantified using linear relationships between average net force and oxygen consumption during the Yo-Yo-IR1. Time spent in different intensity zones was computed. Influences of match schedule difficulty and playing position were evaluated. Exercise dose reduced for recovery and pre-match tapering sessions during the medium match schedule. Exercise dose did not vary during the hard match schedule. Exercise dose was not different between playing positions. The majority of activity during training was spent performing sedentary behaviour or very light intensity activity (64.3 ± 6.1%). Front-court players performed a greater proportion of very light intensity activity (mean difference: 6.8 ± 2.8%), whereas back-court players performed more supramaximal intensity activity (mean difference: 4.5 ± 1.0%). No positional differences existed in the proportion of time in all other intensity zones. Objective evaluation of exercise dose might allow coaches to better prescribe and monitor the demands of basketball training.

The process of the system identification represents the key aspect in designing sophisticated automated regulation system. One of the oldest control regulation techniques called proportional, integral and derivative (hereinafter: PID) proves to be a quite good way to test different methods of system identification in the closed loop feedback. The objective of this study is to experiment with a new approach to the system identification that is extension of the Ziegler-Nichols tuning or identification method. Finishing the crucial experiments, the new method is applied on the practical model whose purpose is to regulate ambient temperature inside the simulation area. The model is entirely based on the suggested experiment as well as PID control regulation technique, but with slight changes in PID implementation.

Fetal movement counts have long been used as a measure of fetal well-being but with advancing technology, such counts have been supplanted as the primary measure. Despite the new technologies used in standard clinical practice, the stillbirth rate has not reduced significantly worldwide. Each method of assessing fetal movement has limitations with different methods performing better in different situations. No one method is universally superior. This paper aims to introduce the reader to the broad range of assessment methods, both potential and actual, used to determine fetal movement. These assessment methods are assembled into a taxonomy: maternal involvement, clinician involvement, technology-assisted, and automated technology. A brief historical and technological overview and the expected measurements of each assessment method are described. All reviewed methods have value, but actography appears to offer the most potential by complementing existing approaches. Further research is required to evaluate the suitability of fetal movement assessment and the response to it.

Calculations have been developed for the determination of elevation angle of arrival for a modified Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar antenna layout consisting of dual auxiliary interferometer arrays: one behind and one in front of the main array. These calculations show that such a layout removes the 2π ambiguity or angle‐of‐arrival aliasing effect observed in existing SuperDARN HF radars. Ray tracing and simulation results are presented which show that there is significant potential for aliasing with existing SuperDARN radars and the standard interferometer algorithm under routine operating conditions.

A new antenna layout for a Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar has been developed. The new layout utilizes two auxiliary arrays; one behind and one in front of the main array, rather than the single auxiliary array that existing radars use. The rear auxiliary array consists of three antennas providing beam‐steering capability while the front auxiliary array consists of a single antenna. This layout is expected to greatly improve the calculation of elevation angle of arrival. Simulations presented show the advantages and disadvantages of using twin‐terminated folded dipole (TTFD) antennas and log‐periodic dipole arrays in standard and modified SuperDARN array configurations. TTFD antennas are shown to have superior front‐to‐back ratio and beam‐steering capability but suffer from shadowing effects due to the presence of corner reflectors. Impedance‐matching techniques used in SuperDARN radars are discussed, and the results of a new matching method, exhibiting a superior voltage standing‐wave ratio over the SuperDARN frequency band, are presented. Shadowing of the main array by the front auxiliary array is investigated, and it is shown that the impact of the front array on the main array gain pattern is significantly less for the case of a single front antenna than for a four‐antenna front array. Radar phase calibration techniques are discussed, and it is proposed that the additional single‐antenna front array be used for system‐wide radar phase calibration. An algorithm for the determination of elevation angle of arrival using the new layout is also given.

The combination of bio-telemetry, sensor networks, communication networks and computing has opened up new areas in the medical field and provided the means for improved health care delivery. Over the past decade therefore reliance on information technology has become very prominent as doing so makes it a lot easier for health practitioners to offer much more efficient health services. This book is a compendium of emerging smart techniques using artificial intelligence for diagnosis, bio-informatics data analysis and biomedical systems. It details innovative applications of neural networks, computer vision, panoramic image processing, electroencephalography, electromyography and specialized information delivery based on smart sensors and communication to support the deaf, control of prosthetic limb, fall detection, cancer detection and fatigue detection. These tools and methods are presented for application in secure transportation, home-based health care and in medical establishments. The state-of-the art coverage provide also practical foundations for further research in biomedical informatics and engineering. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Active detection of driver drowsiness; Myoelectric Control of Limb Prostheses; Electromyography; Electroencephalography; Bio-Signal Telemetry Sensor Networks; Computer Vision in health care delivery; Applications of wireless communication devices in health care delivery Contents: Preface; 1. Neural Networks Based System for Cancer Diagnosis Support; 2. Myoelectric Control of Upper-Limb Prostheses and the Effects of Fatigue; 3. Using Game Consoles for Human Medical Data Collection: in-field applications; 4. An Approach to Fall Detection using Gaussian Distribution of Clustered Knowledge; 5. ZigBee Sensor Network Propagation Analysis for Health-care Application; 6. Dimensionality Reduction in Surface Electromyographic Signals for Pattern Recognition; 7. Assessing a potential electroencephalography based algorithm during a monotonous train driving task in train drivers; 8. Detecting Driver Drowsiness with Examples using EEG and Body Movement; 9. Cortical Width Measurement Based On Panoramic Radiographs Using Computer-Aided System; 10. Development of a Computer Vision Application for Surgical Skill Training and Assessment; 11. Information Delivery System for Deaf People at a Larger Disaster; Author Index; Keyword

This paper proposes a novel watermarking algorithm in digital images to ensure the imperceptible characteristics of the watermarks, reducing the effects on images quality while maintaining recoverability. The proposed method is performed by embedding watermarks in the DCT domain. DCT coefficients, which are selected to be embedded, or not, are based on an evaluation of watermark robustness during the quantization phase of the JPEG Baseline method. Results of the algorithm have been evaluated using Matlab.

This paper presents a novel FPGA based method to implement a repeated squared-and-multiply algorithm in polynomial rings. The repeated square-and-multiply algorithm for exponentiation is discussed and constructed for a general function f(x). From that, an algorithm to apply for f(x)=xn+1 is also constructed and described in this paper. Simulations and implementation results using an FPGA are provided and discussed.