The appearance of Croat identity in the 9th century has been explained by two recent approaches - the migrationist, which redated the Croat migration date from the 7th to the late 8th/early 9th centuries, or the lonely position of Mužic, who saw the establishment of the Croat polity as a rise of the indigenous elites. The period after 750 brought significant political changes into the global perspective of the post-Roman world, which all significantly affected the political and social situation in early-medieval Dalmatia. A very important change was the recovery and return of the Byzantines into the Adriatic, after their Adriatic possessions were threatened by the loss of Ravenna and Istria. Even at first sight it is apparent that global social and political trans- formations in the late 8th and early 9th centuries strongly affected Dalmatia.Keywords: Croat identity; early-medieval Dalmatia; post-Roman world

This appendix presents list of names of Dalmatian rulers in early medieval Dalmatia. The entries are arranged in alphabetical order. This book explores the appearance of the Croats in early medieval Dalmatia.Keywords: Croats; Dalmatia

The identity of the ‘Praetor’ from Propertius 1.8 and 2.16 has not been the subject of significant scholarly debate in the past, as Propertius did not reveal any details of significance about his rival for Cynthia’s affection, except for the most obvious facts: that the rival was rich, a member of the upper social echelons and the lover of Cynthia. The opinions of scholars on his identity are divided. Some in effect deny his existence, as some scholars repudiate the existence of Cynthia.1 Others have recognized him as Cynthia’s husband.2 The overwhelming majority of scholars see him as one of her lovers. His position, as a governor of Illyricum, and the relatively precise dating of Propertius’ Books 1 and 2, have not been used as evidence for an individual provincial command in Illyricum after the battle of Actium. This paper sets out to determine the significance of the evidence from Propertius, and whether the ‘Praetor’ can be recognized as Cn. Baebius Tamphilus Vála Numonianus, who has been dated to roughly the same period as one of the first pro-consuls of Illyricum after the inscription from Iader (Zadar, Croatia). The date when Illyricum was established as a separate province is unknown. According to the Lex Vatinia, Caesar received imperium for Illyricum in addition to Cisalpine Gaul in 59 B.C., and during the 40s B.C. different magistrates were entrusted with imperium for Illyricum as their provincia to fight in the Civil War.3 Some scholars argue that the province was not established in the 40s B.C. as an organized territory governed annually by a pro-magistrate.4 However, it should be noted that Roman SHORTER NOTES 699

The current view of the scholarship is that ‘Celtic’ migration in the fourth and third centuries BC significantly impacted on the formation of identities in central and southeastern Europe. This work questions the notion of ‘Celtic’ identity and patterns of ‘roaming tribal migrations’ in light of recent criticisms, using post-modernistic notions of culture and ethnicity as a fluent and socially constructed phenomena, as well as contextual criticism of the Greco-Roman discourse on barbarians that is presented in written sources from antiquity. The ‘Celtic’ arrival in southeastern Europe and the formation of identities with a ‘Celtic ethnic element’, such as Scordiscan, are seen here in regional settings and explained as a consequence of the process of hybridization and restructuring of existing identities through a selective acceptance of global cultural templates from the Mediterranean and temperate Europe. Danijel DŽINO

This work re-examines the perception of the ancient geographer Strabo in relation to the Iapodes as a ‘mixed people’, and places this in the context of current scholarly debates on the nature of the identity of pre-historic and proto-historical peoples of the Mediterranean ‘periphery’.

The current view of the scholarship is that ‘Celtic’ migration in the fourth and third centuries BC significantly impacted on the formation of identities in central and southeastern Europe. This work questions the notion of ‘Celtic’ identity and patterns of ‘roaming tribal migrations’ in light of recent criticisms, using post-modernistic notions of culture and ethnicity as a fluent and socially constructed phenomena, as well as contextual criticism of the Greco-Roman discourse on barbarians that is presented in written sources from antiquity. The ‘Celtic’ arrival in southeastern Europe and the formation of identities with a ‘Celtic ethnic element’, such as Scordiscan, are seen here in regional settings and explained as a consequence of the process of hybridization and restructuring of existing identities through a selective acceptance of global cultural templates from the Mediterranean and temperate Europe. Danijel DŽINO

Rad postavlja Mužicevu knjigu u suvremene znanstvene diskurse o etnicitetu i identitetu u antici i ranom srednjem vijeku. Ukazuje se na postojanje razlicitih identiteta unutar dosadasnjeg monoetnickog modela najranijeg hrvatskog identiteta.