We carried out a Capture-Mark-Recapture study on Martino's vole Dinaromys bogdanovi on Mt. Bjelasnica, central Bosnia. During two trapping sessions (June and September 2008) we recorded 21 individuals which were captured 33 times. Voles were trapped significantly more frequently during the night (85% of all captures). In June all the animals were adult females while three age classes (juvenile, subadult and adult) were distinguished in September. No reproductive activity was recorded in mid-June and not a single adult female was evidently pregnant in September. Also, subadults (N = 6) did not show reproductive activity. Martino’s voles proved sedentary and only two individuals moved between trap stations. Ten adults were captured in two sessions on an area of 5.67 ha, resulting in a population density of about 2.5 voles per hectare.

Species of the genus Anas Linnaeus, 1758 settle the entire area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Seven species of this genus have so far been recorded, mostly on the natural lakes and artificial hydro-accumulations on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A few years ago, species from the Anas Linnaeus, 1758 genus began to settle intensively on the watercourses in the Sarajevo Valley. A significantly large number of birds from this genus were recorded on the river Miljacka, which represents the main watercourse of the Sarajevo Valley. Mallard ducks Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 were highest in recorded numbers. This species inhabits all three parts of the watercourse of the Miljacka River: higher, middle, and lower one. All three parts of the watercourse are specific in terms of water flow speed and anthropological influences. During the research, we collected data on the local population size of Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 on the Miljacka River workflow section from the locality "Babin Zub“ (Dariva) to the confluence into the Bosnia River in the Sarajevsko Polje. Data collected by counting are the first and only available data from this region. In addition to counting, during the research we also collected data on a ratio between the sexes (sex ratio) of local population of species Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758. The presented data might be helpful in protecting the population of species Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758, and its long-term survival on the Miljacka River, given the fact these birds (especially the males) represent true ornament to the only river (polluted by organic waste) in Sarajevo. Key words: wild duck, population, Miljacka River watercourse

During the year of 2005, a systematic research was undertaken with an objective to calculate a number of small mammal species in the town area. One of the many explored sites was the town park Ilidža. During the spring and summer season of 2005, the traps with the Trapist cheese and chicken were set in this part of town twice per season. During the spring season, 13 individuals of two species were captured: Apodemus sylvaticus (totally 12 individuals), and only one individual of species Microtus subterranus . During the summer season, 29 individuals of four species were captured: Apodemus sylvaticus (totally 24 individuals), Microtus subterranus (three individuals), and only one individual of two species: Rattus rattus and Sorex araneus . In total, during the spring and summer season, 42 individuals were caught, more precisely: 36 individuals of species Apodemus sylvaticus , four individuals of species Microtus subterranus , and only one individual of two species: Rattus rattus and Sorex araneus . All captured individuals were marked during the spring season, but only one marked individual of species Apodemus sylvaticus was caught in the summer season. This is a very firm evidence that the populations of the small mammals, especially these species, are extremely large in the town areas, predominantly on the park terrains. Key words: small mammals, spring, summer, season

During 1999-2000, a systematic research was conducted on the vertical profile of the Vranica Mountain, following the seasonal fluctuation of the numbers of the small mammals. Hunting took place over five consecutive nights with 72 traps being set with the kerosene-lamp-cotton wick cooked in oil and fried with flour used as the bait. Each individual caught was subjected to different measurements of pre-determined parameters, later compared by the localities and seasons. The study was conducted on seven sites, very specific in terms of altitude, substrate type, soil type, and plant communities. The research lasted 75 days through three seasons: spring, summer and autumn. In total, we caught 271 individuals. Systematically, all individuals are classified in two orders: Soricomorpha and Rodentia. The caught individuals showed a wide diversity in terms of measured parameters. Key words: systematic research, Vranica Mountain, measurements, individuals

During the summer 2002 we investigate the algae of the artificial lake “Badovc” nearby the Prishtina city, which supply yhe city of Prishtina. We taken the samples from 9 station at lake. We determinate the composition of the algae: 6 species belong divission Cyanophyta, 41 species belongs Bacillariophyta, 3 species Euglenophyta and 9 species Chlorophyta, altogether 59 species. According the bioindicator species we are done the qualitative estimation of waters artificial lake. Based on the presence of species as saprobiologic bioindicator and saprobic level , the waters of lake Badovc belongs the second level of bonity respectively beta‐mesosaprob

We have investigated the antibacterial activity of new synthesized organic compounds tetrazoles 4‐hidro‐3‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl) chromen‐2‐on and second compound. 4‐phenylamino‐3‐‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl) chromen‐2‐on. Our investigation is directed toward their activity against, Escherichia coli and Clebsiella spp.,. Applying the disc method we measured diameters of the inhibition zone around discs which are previously wetted with DMF solutions of compounds, 5mg/ml, 3mg/ml and 1mg/ml.

The genotoxicity of new synthetized tetrazoles(5‐amino‐tetrazolo[1,5‐c] pirimidin‐7ol) was studied(125 μg/ml) in vitro in peripheral human lymphocytes.

UNLABELLED Bosnia and Herzegovina has been known as a highly endemic region for Hantavirus infections for more than 50 years. Previous studies have shown that at least two different hantaviruses, the murine Dobrava (DOB) and avricoline Puumala (PUU) viruses, each carried by a different rodent species, have been circulating in the area. However, there is little information on rodent population density fluctuations in Bosnia over the past years as well as on the ratio of Puumala to Dobrava infection in humans. THE AIMS THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE to identify the rodent species which may serve as hantavirus reservoirs in the north-east and central Bosnia; to assess the geographical distribution, density and population dynamics of rodent species in the area; to assess the influence of climatic conditions on the size of rodent population; and to determine the ratio of Puumala to Dobrava infection in humans. METHODS The epidemiologic and epizootic study in the north-east and central Bosnia was conducted during the 8-year period (1995-2003). The average yearly and monthly temperatures, air humidity and precipitation during the study period were analyzed. A total of 381 small rodents were caught during the epidemic years (1995 and 2002), and in-between the epidemic periods (1999 and 2000). The animals were caught by live-traps and identified by morphometric methods. The density of animals was estimated by counting the number of holes per 1000 m2. Sera of 311 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were tested for the presence of antibodies reactive to the Dobrava, Puumala and Seoul viruses by using indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), and IgG and IgM ELIS. Sera of 84 patients were tested using only IIF, and 227 sera were tested by IIF and -capture IgM ELIS tests. RESULTS During the epidemic years, the average monthly temperatures in February were by 4.3 times higher than the average temperatures during the nonepidemic years, which may have influenced the early reproduction of rodents and development of "mouse years". The rodents were identified as: Apodemus flavicollis (n = 139), Apodemus sylvaticus (n = 89), Apodemus agrarius (n = 4), Clethrionomys glareolus (n = 117), Sorex araneus (n = 5), Pytimus subterraneus (n = 23), Mus musculus (n = 1), Mycrotus arvalis (n = 1) and Rattus norvegicus (n = 2). Clethrionomys glareolus was predominant in the regions with the altitude higher than 1160 meters and Apodemus species in the regions with the altitude lower than 670 meters. The rodent population density changes seasonally and cyclically. During the epidemic years, the rodent population density was marked as very high, whereas during the nonepidemic years it was designated from low to moderate. Well-known natural hosts of Hantaviruses (A. flavicolis and C. glareolus) are most widely spread species of small rodents, and the increase in their population is closely related with outbreaks of epidemics of HVBS-a. Puumala virus caused HVBS-a in 49.84% (155/311); Dobrava virus in 23.15% (72/311) of cases, whereas Hantaviruses serotype was not identified in 27.00% (84/311) of cases. Infections caused by Puumala virus were more frequent than the infections caused by Dobrava virus during both epidemic and nonepidemic periods. The proportion of humans infected with Puumala and Dobrava viruses correlated with the number of natural hosts of Hantaviruses in the areas of HVBS outbreaks. The study of the prevalence of hantavirus antibodies in the populations of rodents and humans, which had been under way, should elucidate these relationships.