UDK: 574.5(282.249 Bunica) Research into the benthic diatoms in the Bunica River was performed during the period from 5th May 2013 to 9th January 2014 on three different sites, from the headwaters to the mouth. The Bunica River is located in the south-eastern part of the Mostar valley, in the south of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this research was to test the use of benthic diatoms as indicators and the use of diatom indices as a tool for estimating water quality in an example of a small karstic river. For that purpose, diatom indices were calculated using OMNIDIA GB 5.3 software. This was the first testing of diatom indices for a small karstic river. Diatom indices showed different results and huge variations between sites on the Bunica River. According to the results, the indices in the OMNIDIA software are not applicable for karstic rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina and they must be modified for this purpose. This paper can be the first step towards calibration indices for karstic region. Also, it can be useful for the development of biomonitoring tool for karstic rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

– The aims of this paper were to describe seasonal changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of diatom taxa and the potential application of benthic diatoms for ecological status evaluation. Diatom indices (IPS and TI) were calculated from data from three different locations along a longitudinal profile of the Bunica, a small karstic river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 147 taxa were recorded in 12 samples. The most common taxa were Meridion circulare (Greville) C.Agardh and Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère. Physical and chemical analyses showed low concentrations of nutrients, good oxygenation, typical pH for carbonate bed/origin and generally oligotrophic conditions and high ecological status. All sites had similar physico-chemical conditions and there were only few seasonal differences. Ordination of the diatom data showed that samples showed neither longitudinal nor seasonal patterns. Median value for IPS (16.8) and for TI (7.3) can be possible ‘‘expected’’ values for ecological status assessment for small karstic rivers in the Mediterranean region. We propose the use of the phytobenthos Intercalibration Common Metric (pICM - an index that combines the IPS and TI) as a national metric for countries developing WFD diatom methods at a late stage. One situation is described, and a solution, which is potentially transferable to other locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and also to other countries facing similar challenges.

The environmental and faunistic research conducted included defining the composition and distribution of caddisflies collected using ultraviolet (UV) light trap at 11 stations along the Cetina River, from the spring to the mouth, and also along its tributaries the Ruda River and the Grab River with two sampling stations each, and the Rumin River with one station. The research was conducted in the period from August 2004 until August 2005 on the Cetina and the Ruda rivers, and from April 2007 to September 2007 on the Grab and the Rumin rivers. A total of 71 caddisfly species and 10,048 individuals were recorded in the study area. Results of the composition and structure of caddisflies were processed with statistical methods using the NMDS analysis. There were differences in the composition of caddisflies in the upper, middle and lower reaches. The paper also presents some ecological features of caddisflies, such as seasonal dynamics and diversity of caddisflies communities. Results of this work contribute to faunistic and ecological knowledge of Croatian caddisflies.

Research into the benthic diatoms in the Bunica River was performed during the period from 5 May 2013 to 9 January 2014 on three different sites, from the headwaters to the mouth. The Bunica River is located in the south-eastern part of the Mostar valley, in the south of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this research was to test the use of benthic diatoms as indicators and the use of diatom indices as a tool for estimating water quality in an example of a small karstic river. For that purpose, diatom indices were calculated using OMNIDIA GB 5.3 software. This was the first testing of diatom indices for a small karstic river. Diatom indices showed different results and huge variations between sites on the Bunica River. According to the results, the indices in the OMNIDIA software are not applicable for karstic rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina and they must be modified for this purpose. This paper can be the first step towards calibration indices for karstic region. Also, it can be useful for the development of biomonitoring tool for karstic rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

UDK: 556.115:574.587(282.249 Neretva) This paper presents the research results of benthos community (phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates) on three locations of the Neretva River: Glavatičevo, Žitomislići and Višići. According to typology of rivers, the site Glavatičevo belongs undertype 10a, while sites Žitomislići and Višići are undertype JIVT (heavily modified water bodies). Research of the benthos community has been done in December 2016 with the simultaneous monitoring chemical parameters of water. All research states showed a great number and a high diversity of benthic taxa, although sampling was spent in December. The saprobic values of benthos community at the site Glavatičevo indicates to oligosaprobic level, the water unloaded with organic substances. The site Žitomislići points to oligo/betamesosaprobic level, the water a bit loaded with organic substances. The site Višići according to phytobenthos demonstrates to oligo/betamesosaprobic level, while according to benthic macroinvertebrates point to betamesosaprobic level (the water loaded with organic substances). Based on saprobic values and chemical parameters of water in keeping with The decision on the characterization of the surface and underground water, reference conditions and parameters for the detection of water state and water monitoring (Official newspapers FBiH, No. 1/14), a maximum ecological potential has been registered on sites Žitomislići and Višići, while a high ecological status has been registered on the site Glavatičevo.

Soft‐mouth trout, Salmo obtusirostris has disappeared from most of its historical distribution range in the River Neretva catchment. Remnant groups are highly fragmented and distribution of the species is restricted to only 15% of it's historical area. The most abundant length range of remnant individuals is between 20 and 40 cm; with a significant decrease of the bigger individuals. Age population structure is dominated by younger fish aged 2, 3 and 4 years, however, age class 4⁺ and 6⁺ predominated in the lower river part. Specimens older than 8 years were not observed, and estimated fishing mortality (F) was high, particularly in the upper part of the river (0.786). The River Neretva soft‐mouth trout population is under heavy pressure including anthropogenic habitat changes and illegal fishery, leading to disappearance in number of formerly inhabited areas. The Upper and Lower Neretva are the only areas where the species is still abundant. However, the collapse of the number of old individuals increases the risk of extinction of the remaining wild subpopulations.

In this study we present morphological, molecular and ecological features of the last instar larvae of Drusus bosnicus with data about distribution of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We also included  the most important diagnostic features enabling separation of larvae of D. bosnicus from larvae of the other European Drusinae and Trichoptera species.

The caddisfly community composition and structure were studied in the Mediterranean (i.e., central part of Herzegovina) and the temperate (i.e., Central Bosnia) regions of the country which differ considerably regarding the climate, hydrology, geomorphology, and vegetation. In both studied areas, four rivers with seven sampling sites each were selected for light-trapping of adult caddisflies during a one-year period. A total of 97 species were collected (i.e., 52 in Herzegovina during 2003 and 67 in Central Bosnia during 2004) and seven of them are first records for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Marked differences in caddisfly community composition and structure between the two regions were found and confirmed by a cluster analysis of comparable river sites. These differences could be primarily linked to observed variability in environmental factors. Also, distinct phenological patterns of caddisflies were found in the Mediterranean and temperate parts, respectively, and these were further analyzed in detail for the five most abundant common species. For the populations in Central Bosnia, generally later and shorter periods of flight were recorded. Therefore, we tested the influence of meteorological parameters (night air temperature during the light-trapping, and monthly values of air temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, and wind speed) on flight activity and periodicity of caddisflies in both regions. Air temperature proved to be the most important of tested parameters influencing caddisfly flight patterns (rs > 0.87 for monthly values and rs > 0.44 for air temperatures during light-trapping; p < 0.001). Thus, temperature during light-trapping and minimum monthly values seem to be important for the flight of caddisflies, since these values were significantly different (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) in the two regions of the country. Additionally, in this paper we will discuss some implications for conservation of caddisflies due to the predicted climate change.

2012 A study of caddisfl y biodiversity and its application for use as indicator species to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic environments was conducted in the area of the Listica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina. A portable UV light- trap was used to collect caddisfl ies at two sites: the spring of Listica - Bilo Vrilo and the middle reach of this river in a karstic depression - Mostarsko Blato. From March 2003 to March 2004 a total of 4334 individuals, representing 34 species, were caught. There were signifi cant differences in species composition and abundance between sampling sites. The fl ight periods are shown for all recorded species and studied in detail for twelve abundant species. The species inventories were used for analysing the longitudinal classifi cation of the sampling sites, composition of functional feeding guilds and the saprobic indices. Caddisfl ies, Listica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina, ecological integrity S. STANIC-KOSTROMAN, M. KUCINIC, A. KOLOBARA, D. SKOBIC, L. KNEZOVIC i P. DURBESIC: Odrasli tulari (Insecta: Trichoptera) kao pokazatelji ekoloskog statusa rijeke Listice, Bosna i Hercegovina. Entomol. Croat. 2012. Vol. 16. Num. 1-4: 21-35. Istraživana je bioraznolikost tulara rijeke Listice te primjena njihovih zajednica u procjeni ekoloskog statusa vodenih ekosustava. Odrasle jedinke uzorkovane su na dvjema postajama, tj na izvoru rijeke Bilo vrilo i sredisnjem dijelu toka Listice, u krskom polju Mostarskom blatu. Materijal je prikupljan godinu dana (ožujak 2003. - ožujak 2004.) metodom lova pomocu UV lampe. Istraživanjima su zabilježene 34 vrste s 4334 uzorkovanih jedinki. Utvrđene

Mediterranean maquis ecosystem is the most important habitat for herbivores and livestock. But forage value of the Medirerranean shrubs varies considerably. Plants possess a variety of flavour and nutritional qualities as well as toxins. Juniperus species, as J. oxycedrus L. and J. phoenice L., are one of the dominant shrubs of Mediterranean maquis and posses a large amount of essential oils. Terpenes and terpenoids are the primary constituents of the ‘essential oils’ of many species of plant. Herbivores limit intake of plant to minimize the potentiall toxic effect of terpenes. In our experiments, total content of essential oils in shrubs of J. phoenicea was approximately two times higher than in shrubs of J. oxycedrus. We conducted two experiments (5 days each) comparing intake of tested shrubs individually and in combination with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.). In both experiments, goats consumed more total shrubs (P<0.01) when fed in conjunction with fennel. In these experiments, total intake of shrubs for both Juniperus species was different. Namely, goats consumed 10 times more J. oxycedrus then J. phoenicea in tested groups and 26 times more in controled ones. Our conclusion is that fennel has positive effect on consumption of terpenes-rich shrubs. However, space diversity, flavor, nutrients and toxins may affect shrubs intake and production. This knowledge will help in better understanding phytocemical interaction between plants and herbivores.

Drusus klapaleki Marinkovic-Gospodnetic, 1971, is distributed in central Bosnia and Herzegovina and it belongs to the D. bosnicus Group. In the Balkan Peninsula, the D. bosnicus Group consists of 9 taxa with allopatric distribution. This study has 2 objectives. One is to describe the morphological characters of the Drusus klapaleki larva. Another objective is to find certain morphological and ecological features to larvae of the species belonging to the D. bosnicus Group from the Balkan Peninsula.

Species of the genus Drusus usually inhabit cold springs and spring areas of mountain streams. Isolation of populations and a patchy distribution are reasons for high diversity and endemism in this genus. Nine taxa from the bosnicus group (genus Drusus) live in the Balkan Peninsula (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia). This study has two main objectives. First, morphological, ecological, and genetic features (mitochondrial COI and 16S genes) of the final larval instar of Drusus radovanovici radovanovici from Bosnia and Herzegovina are analysed. Association of larvae and adults of D. radovanovici radovanovici is carried out according to genetic data (mitochondrial DNA) of adults and larvae, and supported by their distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Second, phylogeny, taxonomy and distribution of taxa of the bosnicus group in the Balkan Peninsula are discussed. The analysis includes morphological and genetic data for the known larvae of the genus Drusus distributed in the Balkans. As a consequence, both subspecies of Drusus radovanovici are ranked as species (D. radovanovici and D. septentrionis stat. n.), and the status of other taxa from the bosnicus group is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)