Memristors, Spintronics and 2D Materials for Future Computing Systems
In a data-driven economy, virtually all industries benefit from advances in information technology—powerful computing systems are critically important for rapid technological progress. However, this progress might be at risk of slowing down if we do not address the discrepancy between our current computing power demands and what the existing technologies can offer. Key limitations to improving the energy efficiency are the excessive growth of data transfer costs associated with the von Neumann architecture and the fundamental limits of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, such as transistors. In this perspective article, we discuss three technologies that will likely play an essential role in future computing systems: memristive electronics, spintronics, and electronics based on 2D materials. We present some representative applications for each and speculate how these could fit within future digital, quantum and neuromorphic systems.