The Impact of the Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters and Renal Function

Background and objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health issue that has seen a significant increase in prevalence worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, as well as micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the duration of T2DM on blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), renal function parameters, oxidative stress, and von Willebrand factor (vWf) activity in individuals with diabetes. Methodology A total of 135 participants from both genders with T2DM were included in this study. The participants were divided into three groups based on the duration of their disease: up to five years (46 participants), from 6-10 years (49 participants), and over 10 years (40 participants). The investigated parameters were as follows: fasting glucose, two-hour postprandial glucose, HbA1c, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and vWf activity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to assess the normality of distribution. Differences between the groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), with appropriate post-hoc tests. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The average age of the participants was 60.86 ± 8.87 years, the average weight was 86 ± 14.6 kg, the average height was 168 ± 9.18 cm, the waist circumference was 99 ± 11.4 cm, the systolic blood pressure was 127 ± 15.6 mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure was 77 ± 6.7 mmHg. The study revealed statistically significant differences between the groups (p<0.05) for the following parameters: two-hour postprandial glucose (p=0.001), HbA1c (p=0.048), GFR (p=0.038), and vWf activity (p=0.006). No statistical significance was found for TAC values (p>0.05). Conclusions Higher levels of vWf activity were found in people who had been treated for type 2 diabetes for more than 10 years. These findings indicate that the level of vWf activity in people with type 2 diabetes 10 years after the onset of the disease can be used as a marker of vascular pathology.