Common bunt of wheat (Tilletia tritici) - problems and recommendations.

The cause for the common bunt of wheat, Tilletia tritici (Bjerk) Wint. in Rabenh., sin. Tilletia caries (DC) Tul&Tul was researched during 2001, 2002, 2003 on the territory of Una-Sana Canton (Bosnia&Herzegovina). In the stage of milky ripeness, a detailed examination of plants was undertaken on many localities and symptoms typical for T. tritici were detected. On several occasions, an infection intensity determined by counting sickly ears on m2 was determined. A resistance of sorts was determined according to scale 0-IV, and after the harvest, the presence of teleutspores on the seed of wheat was analyzed. High intensity infection was present in Cazin and Bihac municipalities. The sort Bosanka was resistant to infection during all three research years. Sorts Granada and Fortuna showed middle resistance while other sorts were mainly middle sensitive. In 2001, 51 samples of wheat seed were analyzed and with 34 samples, there was the presence of teleutospores detected. In 2002, 53 samples were analyzed and the presence of teleutospores was found with 25 samples. In 2003, 50 samples were analyzed and 20 of them were infected with T. tritici. The main cause for the intensified occurrence of T. tritici at this area is sowing of an undeclared seed, sowing of a seed from home production, then a harvest of a healthy seed contaminated by combine-harvester. It is necessary to educate farmers about hazardous effects, expansion and protection measures, as well as not implementation of agricultural measures in terms of Tilletia ssp., identification of the pathotypes and introduction of resistant sorts. .